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Ricardo Rodarte P.1 Cardiovascular System (Anatomy of the heart (The heart…
Ricardo Rodarte P.1 Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the heart
upper chambers
left atria
right atrium
lower chambers
left ventricle
largest and strongest chamber in your heart
pups blood throughout body
right ventricle
septum
separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles
valves
tricuspid
mitral
semilunar valves
pulmonary
aortic
The heart wall consists of three layers
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
pericardium
outermost layer that surrounds the entire heart
arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body
veins
electrical system
originates and transmits cardiac impulses that cause the heart to beat
superior and inferior vena cava
brachiocephalic artery
common carotid artery
pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
blood flow through the heart and body
The right side of your heart receives oxygen-poor blood from your veins and pumps it to your lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to the rest of your body
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body
Layers of the
heart
epicardium
external layer
a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart
myocardium
middle layer
the muscular tissue of the heart
endocardium
inner layer
the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
pump for the movement of blood through the body
supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
lungs provide a place to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen
removes carbon dioxide and other wastes
cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
transports hormones to cells throughout the body
Major arteries and veins of the body
pulmonary artery
Artery carrying blood that is poor in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs; it is the only artery that transports oxygen-poor blood
brachial artery
Artery flowing along the humerus and supplying the flexor muscles of the arm; it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries at the bend in the elbow
subclavian artery
Main artery of the upper limb passing through the clavicle and extending through the axillary artery; it also flows to the lower section of the neck
axillary artery
Artery crossing the hollow of the armpit and extending through the brachial artery; it also circulates through the thoracic wall and the shoulder
common carotid artery
Branch of the aorta flowing to the head and upper portion of the neck; it is divided into internal and external carotid arteries
arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart,
veins take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
superior vena cava
carries blood from the arms and head to the right atrium of the heart
inferior vena cava
carries blood from the legs and abdomen to the heart
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins and venules
Arteries have smaller lumens than veins
veins contain valves that assist the unidirectional flow of blood toward the heart
the walls of arteries and veins are largely composed of living cells and their products
have the same three distinct tissue layers
arteries
Generally appear rounded
Endothelium usually appears wavy due to constriction of smooth muscle
Internal elastic membrane present in larger vessels
veins
Generally appear flattened
Endothelium appears smooth
Internal elastic membrane absent
share the same general features
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
coronary artery disease
Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels
Asystole
Situation in which the heart fails to contract
Commotio cordis
mild blow to the chest causes heart failure and sudden death
Cor pulmonale
right-sided heart failure resulting from elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit
Endocarditis
infection by bacteria that have entered the bloodstream but may result from fungal infection or an autoimmune response
Heart palpitation
heartbeat that is unusually strong, fast, or irregular
arrhythmias
Abnormal heart rhythms
Heart valve disease
heart attack
stroke
Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply
Congenital heart disease
An abnormality in the heart that develops before birth
Cardiac cycle and ECG
split into two phases
diastole
ventricles relax and receive blood from the atria
systole
ventricles contract and push blood into the arteries
opening and closing of valves and contraction and relaxation of chambers
Once cardiac cycle is completed the heart chambers fill with blood and blood is then pumped out of the heart
a medical test that detects heart problems by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it contracts
normal heart rate of 75 beats per minute
