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Cardiovascular System 2/2 (Differences between blood vessel types…
Cardiovascular System 2/2
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Transports nutrients
Provides oxygen to the body
provides hormones to cells throughout the body
Removes metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide
Anatomy of the heart (chambers and valves)
Atruims
Left/ Right Atrium
They have thin walls and function as collecting chambers
Ventricles
Left/ Right Ventricle
They are both thick muscular pumping chambers
They are separated by interventricular septum
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
Right side is made up the tricuspid
Left side is made up of the bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonary vein comes before the lungs
Aortic comes after the aorta
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
Thin layer of connective tissue
The outer layer
Myocardium
It is a cardiac muscle that contracts
Endocardium
It is made up of simple squamous epithelium
Blood Flow
Right atrium and ventricle
Sends blood to the lungs
Eliminates carbon dioxide and gives oxygenates the blood (pulmonary circulation)
Left atrium and ventricle
Sends blood to the rest of the body
Delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste ( systemic circulation)
Differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
It is meant to carry high pressured blood
Arterioles
They are a result of arteries that become smaller as they divide
Found between arteries and capillaries
Capillaries
Smallest of blood vessels and also functions as gas exchange between blood and tissue cells
Venules
Connects capillaries and veins together
Veins
Returns blood toward the heart
Cardiac cycle and ECG
The heart averages 72 beats per minute
Each cycle is divided into contraction phrases and relaxation phrases
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute
Electrocardiogram has three waves when normal and are called P wave, QRS complex, and T wave
P wave
Associated with depolarization of the atria
QRS complex
Associated with depolarization of the ventricles
T wave
Associated with repolarization of the ventricles
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Valve Disorders
Heart murmur
valves don't close completely which causes the blood to move back and forth
Endocarditis
A bacterial infection of the endocardium
Stenosis
Stiffening of the heart