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Nanoplastics (Cationic (+mV) (Impacts (Development (50nm (Decrease of 6.4%…

- - - - 50 nm
        
        Cas8 Up-regulation in sea urchin larvae (due to membrane damage) [Della Torre et al., 2014]
      - 50nm
        
        Up-regulation of clap and cstb, related to molting in artemia franciscana [Bergami et al., 2017]
      - 50nm
        
        Up-regulation of Hsp70, p38 Mapk, Cas 8 and Univin at 24hpf in sea urchin larvae Paracentrotus lividus [Pinsino et al., 2017]
        
        at 48hpf, only Univin remained up-regulated
    - - Developmental defects in sea urchin embryos with EC = 0.142 at 48 h exposure [Della Torre et a., 2014]
      - 50nm
        
        Decrease of 6.4% larvae yield and inhibition of larvae development at high dose (>0.1ug/mL) in C. gigas [Tallec et al., 2018]
        
        Likely related to membrane damage
      - 50nm
        
        Induction of several molting events during 48 h exposure in artemia franciscana [Bergami et al., 2016]
      - 50nm
        
        Mortality in A. franciscana larvae [Bergami et al., 2017]
      - 50nm
        
        at 48 hpf, cells and masses randomly distributed, severe skeletal defects and delayed development in sea urchin larvae Paracentrotus lividus at [3 and 4 ug/mL][Pinsino et al., 2017]
      - 50nm
        
        increased mortality rate in B. plicalitis exposed to NP at [2.5mg/L and higher][Manfra et al., 2017]
      - 50nm
        
        Increasing number of abnormally developed larvae in M. galloprovinciallis ftert 48 h exposure [Balbi et al., 2017]
      - 100nm
        
        Higher rates of malformed larvae with 2um and 100nm PE with increasing concentration from 6 dyas exposure. higher with 100nm exposure [Rist et al., 2019]
    - - 50nm
        
        ROS production (Cyt-C reduction) at different conc. in mussel hemocytes [Cansei et al., 2015]
        
        The interaction between NP and serum proteins deserves future investigation
      - 50nm
        
        Oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in rotifer B. koreanus [Jeong et al., 2018]
      - 50 & 500nm
        
        Enzyme of the antioxidant system were activate in a dose-dependent manner in rotifer B.Koreanus [Jeong et al., 2016]
    - - 50nm
        
        Decrease in phagocytosis and lysosomal damage in mussel hemocytes at [50ug/mL] [Canesi et al., 2015]
- - - - 45nm
        
        Up-regulation of lipid metabolism genes (pparα and pparγ in Dicentrarchus labrax fish
        [Brandts et al., 2018]
    - - 40nm
        
        NP sequestered inside the gut, limiting food intake in artemia larvae [Bergami et al., 2016]
- - - - Lack of moduclation in SOD, CAT, and GPx