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The Cardiovascular System Destiny Espitia per.5 (Anatomy of the Heart: (2…
The Cardiovascular System Destiny Espitia per.5
Major Functions of Cardiovascular System:
Circulate blood
Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body
Blood flow through the Heart & Body
Right Atrium & ventricle send blood to lungs: PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Left atrium & ventricle send blood to body or system: SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Anatomy of the Heart:
2 Atria: L&R: thin walled chambers
2 Ventricles: L&R: thick, muscular pumping chambers
L&R sides separated by interatrial or interventricular septum
Inner layer: Visceral pericardium// Outer layer: Parietal Pericardium
Covered by 2 layered sac called pericardium
4 Valves: (AV); tricuspid & mitral or bicuspid
Semilunar Valves: Pulmonary & aortic
Layers of the Heart
Myocardium: cardiac muscle, layer that contracts
endocardium: simple squamous epithelum, continuous w/out friction
epicardium: thin layer of C.T
Structural & Functional differences between blood vessels types
Tunica Media: middle; smooth muscle; controls (SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM) diameter of blood vessel
Tunica Externa: outermost, fibrous C.T
Tunica (LAYER) Intima: endothelium = inner lining of blood vessel
Major Arteries & Veins of the Body
Blood Vessels:
network of tubes// Arteries, Capillaries, and veins
Arteries-
Carries blood away from heart// adapted for carrying high- blood pressure
Arterioles:
"Small Arteries"// between arteries and capillaries
Capillaries:
smallest blood vessel & sites of gas exchange between blood and tissue cells/ connects arterioles and venules
Veins:
return blood toward heart
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
CARDIAC CYCLE: heart is regular & rhythmix- each beat is cardiac cycle
Visible tracing of electrical signals called ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OF ECG
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Heart Murmur: Valves don't close completely, blood swishes back and forth-- innocent murmer
Endocarditis: bacterial infection of endocardium
Stenosis: stiffening of the heart valve