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The Cardiovascular System Gustavo Peralta Period 5 (Anatomy of the heart…
The Cardiovascular System Gustavo Peralta Period 5
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart.he heart has 4 valves: The mitral valve and tricuspid valve, which control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles. The aortic valve and pulmonary valve, which control blood flow out of the ventricles.
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes).
Layers of the
heart
Epicardium— outer protective layer of the heart.
Myocardium—muscular middle layer wall of the heart.
Endocardium—inner layer of the heart.
blood flow through the heart and body
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. ... As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
Major arteries and veins of the body
The aorta
The arteries of the head and neck
The common carotid artery
The external carotid artery
The triangles of the neck
The internal carotid artery
The arteries of the brain
The arteries of the upper extremity
The subclavian artery
The axilla
The axillary artery
The brachial artery
The radial artery
The ulnar artery
The arteries of the trunk
The descending aorta
The thoracic aorta
The abdominal aorta
The common iliac arteries
The hypogastric artery
The external iliac artery
The arteries of the lower extremity
The femoral artery
The popliteal fossa
The popliteal artery
The anterior tibial artery
The arteria dorsalis pedis
The posterior tibial artery
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Great saphenous vein
Venae cavae
Common iliac vein
Jugular vein
Femoral vein
Small saphenous vein
Pulmonary vein
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Cephalic vein
Popliteal vein
External jugular vein
Renal vein
Basilic vein
Portal vein
Hepatic veins
Brachiocephalic vein
Axillary vein
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Veins carry blood toward the heart. This makes the walls of veins thinner than those of arteries, which is related to the fact that blood in the veins has less pressure than in the arteries. Because the walls of the veins are thinner and less rigid than arteries, veins can hold more blood.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that detects heart problems by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it contracts.
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)
Heart attack.
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias.
Heart failure.
Heart valve disease.
Congenital heart disease.
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)