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Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines (Types of cells (Eukaryotic…
Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines
Types of cells
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are made up of many cells.
All eukaryotic cells contain double membrane to protect them.
Eukaryotic cells have many organelles that perform functions within the cell.
Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic organisms are usually unicellular, but can be multicellular.
Prokaryotic cells have cell walls that they use for protection
Prokaryotic cells do not have a separate area inside them enclosed in a casing to hold genetic material
Cell Division
Meiosis
A form of sexual reproduction
Produces 4 daughter cells, splitting twice.
Also produces our sex cells, also known as gametes.
Mitosis
Produces 2 daughter cells, splitting once.
A form of asexual reproduction
Used for growth and replacement of worn out cells.
Heredity
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism that we cannot see.
The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual through adulthood.
An individual’s genotype makes up the entire complex of genes inherited from both parents.
Phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism that we can see
The phenotype of an organism may change constantly over their lifetime
The environment can influence the development of inherited traits.
Flowering Plants & Seeds
DNA
DNA is a long polymer with deoxyriboses and phosphate backbone
The carrier for genetic variation
Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
RNA
RNA is a polymer with a ribose and phosphate backbone
Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
Each RNA nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.