Life Science: Genes & Molecular Machines
Type of Cells
Heredity
Phenotype
Genotype
Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Division
Mitosis
Mieosis
An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.
Cells with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles.
A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes (sex cells) and plant spores. (Happens through sexual reproduction)
Body cell division in which the nucleus divides containing the same number of chromosomes. (Happens in all Eukaryota cells asexually)
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Flowering Plants and Seeds
There are two ways that flowers can be pollinated. The ways that flowers can be pollinated include self-pollination and cross-pollination.
There are several ways seeds can be dispersed. The ways seeds can be dispersed include water, wind, animals, and mechanical propulsion.
Bacteria and Archaea are the two domains that consist of prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus (floating DNA), no membrane bound organelles, and are only unicellular. Bacteria is an example of prokaryotes.
Eukarya is the domain that Eukaryotes belong to.
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles,a nucleus(contains DNA), larger body, and can be unicellular or multicellular. An example of a eukaryote is a human.
The phases of mitosis includes: Interphase (enlarging), Prophase (duplicating), (the nuclear membrane disappears between Prophase and Metaphase), Metaphase (line up), Anaphase (split), Telophase (pinches into two), and Cytokinesis (splits into two identical cells).
Mitosis allows multicellular organisms to grow and heal. Mitosis allows unicellular organisms to reproduce.
The phases of meiosis includes: Interphase (enlarging), Prophase (duplicating), (the nuclear membrane disappears between Prophase and Metaphase), Metaphase (line up), Anaphase (split), Telophase (pinches into two), Cytokinesis (splits into two identical cells), Interphase II (enlarges), Prophase II (chromosomes do not double this time),(the nuclear membrane disappears between Prophase II and Metaphase II), Metaphase II (chromosomes line up), Anaphase II (split), Telophase II (pinches into two), and Cytokinesis II (four different daughter cells).
Meiosis allows multicellular organisms reproduce sexullay. The female sex cells gets fertilized by a male sex cell and the two cells combine to make a cell with 36 chromosomes and the offspring is created.
Scientists usually use a Punnett Square to try and figure out what genotype the offspring may have from the parent's genotypes.
Scientists use the genotypes they get from a Punnett Square to figure out the possibilities of certain traits.
Genotypes are the letter combination. So say you have two parents with the genotype of Rr, the offspring will have 75% chance of the dominant trait and a 25% chance of a recessive trait.
Examples of phenotypes include: eye color, skin color, height, hair color and much more.
Self- pollination is when pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same plant.
Cross-pollination is a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant.
An example of a seed being dispersed by water is coconuts because coconut trees grow by the water and coconuts can float.
An example of a seed being dispersed by animals are burs. Burs will stick to fur, skin, and clothing. As the animal or human walks around the burs can fall off and are dispersed.