Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Fossils (Preservation (Involves 3 minerals= Calcite, Silica, Iron, Shell…
Fossils
Preservation
Involves 3 minerals= Calcite, Silica, Iron
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mould infilled with chemical substance, which precipitates from groundwater
-
What are fossils
preserved evidence of prehistoric life, term "fossil" includes-
Hard parts
Tracks, footprints, burrowers, feeding trails
-
Generally found in Sedimentary rocks, but can be found in volcanic ash and may survive low-grade metamorphism
-
accumulate in low energy environments such as lakes and partially enclosed sea basins, where absence of water current= body parts un-disturbed
Best-preserved and most complete fossils= found in shale, mudstone, micitic limestone
After death soft body parts= quickly eaten or decay. hard parts eventually fossilised, which include exoskeletons and shells
Fossil classification
-
Phylum
over 20 phyla in animal kingdom, about 12 of these leave fossil remains, such as Chordata
-
-
Species
groups of individuals that are similar in appearance and can interbreed to produce same species. Homo Sapiens= species of Homo
-
Family
closely related organisms within an order. Hominids= family, distinct from other primates
-
-
Graptolites
-
-
-
-
Evolution
Leptograptus
2 Reclined stipes, more complex thecae, Middle Ordovician age
Didymograptus
2 Pendant stipes, Simple thecae, Middle Ordovician age
Dicellograptus
2 Scandent stipes, Complex thecae, Late Ordovician age
Tectagraptus
4 Pendant stipes, Simple thecae, Early Ordovician age
Climograptus
2 Scandent stipes, Complex & Elaborate thecae, Late Ordovician age
Dictyomena
Multiple Pendant stipes, Simple thecae, Early Ordovician age
Monograptus
1 Scandent Stipe, Complex & Elaborate thecae, Silurian age
Brachiopods
-
-
Hard Parts
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Adductor muscle scars (top, closes)
Diductor muscle scars (bottom, opens)
Marine animals
Comparisons
Brachiopods
Bivalves
2 muscle scars
Umbo on each valve
Foot
Teeth & Sockets
- 1 more item...
Multiple muscle scars
Umbo on Brachial valve
Pedicle
Teeth & Sockets
Lophophore
- 1 more item...
-
Ammonoids
-
-
-
Evolution
Goniatite
Simple shaped lobe and saddle, Relatively wide frontal perspective, Carboniferous age
Ceratite
Rounded saddle, Frilled lobe, Relatively thin frontal perspective, Triassic age
Ammonite
Complex Septa (highly frilled), very narrow and streamlined frontal perspective, Jurassic & Cretaceous age
-
-
Fossil Assemblages
Life Assemblage
Death Assemblage
Derived Fossils
Fossils preserved in older rock, eroded and transported and deposited into younger rock, often fragmented
Fragmented fossils, Similar in size, Orientated/ Elongated
Whole fossils, Range of sizes, No orientation