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Pathologies of the Integumentary System (Birthmarks (Pigmented Birthmarks…
Pathologies of the Integumentary System
Diagnoses of Skin Pathology
Biopsy
: When a small piece of living tissue is taken for examination
Exfoliative Cytology
: When cell are taken for examination
Skin
Pigmentation
Albinism:
drastic reduction or absence of melanin.
Vitiligo
: Melanocytes stop producing melanin, usually in patches
Age Spots
: Small, flat, oval areas of darker skin
Chloasma
: Dark, symmetric patches of skin on the face
Acanthosis Nigricans:
Patches of dark, thickened skin in the body's folds and creases
Birthmarks
Pigmented Birthmarks
Caused by melanocytes
Nevi
Also known as moles, are caused by overgrowth of melanocytes
Freckles
Caused by over activity of melanocytes
Vascular Birthmarks
Caused by blood vessels
Capillary Hemangiomas
"strawberry birthmarks" caused by an overgrowth of capillaries
Cavernous Hemangiomas
caused by a collection of dilated blood vessels; large, raised, and can pose health risks
Port Wine Stains
caused by a collection of dilated blood vessels; flat, vary in size, and largely cosmetic
More Skin Growths
Cicatrix
A scar composed of granulation tissue that helps to close the wound during healing process
Polyp
Growth that is attached to the surface of the skin or mucous membrane by the stalk; mushroom-like appearance
Lipoma
Slowly growing, benign, fatty tumors that form in the hypodermis
Skin Tags
A polyp that is attached to the skin; they tend to be much smaller and similar in color to the skin
Skin Growths
Keratosis
Any overgrowth or thickening of the skin
Callus
Thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated exposure to pressure
Cryosurgery
Freezing, used to remove verrucae
Papilloma
Small, noncancerous growth in the skin caused by human papilloma viruses.
Verrucae
Also know as a wart or papilloma
Bleeding Into the Skin
Contusion
Injury to the soft tissues in which the skin is not broken, but blood vessels are injured
Ecchymosis
Type of contusion; referred to as a bruise
Purpura
Multiple areas of bleeding under the skin
Petechiae
A contusion that is very small, the size of the head of a pin or smaller
Hematoma
When bleeding under the skin pools in a localized area under the skin