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cardiovascular system (disorders of the cardiovascular system (angina…

- - - - located at the inter ventricular septum
- - - - double serous membrane
    - - next to heart
    - - outside layer
    - - created by 2 layers of pericardium; filled with serous fluid
- - - - true capillaries
        
        gas exchange by diffusion high to low concentration
      - vascular shunt
        
        directly connects an arteriole to a venule
- - - - 3.when right ventricle is full,triscupid valve closes pulmonary valve opens and blood is pumped into pulmonary artery and to the lungs.pulmonary valve closes
        
        4.oxygen rich blood from lungs return to left atrium as l atrium fills with blood it contracts, mitral valve opens and blood is pumped into left ventricle
        
        5.when left ventricle is full, mitral valve closes, aortic valve opens.left ventricle contracts and oxygen rich blood is pumped into aorta to reach all parts of body aortic valve closes
        
        repeats
  - - - Flo w of blood to and from lungs to heart
      - from heart to lungs back to heart
    - - flow of blood from rest of body to heart
    - - blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus coronary arteries
      - blood flow to myocardium of heart
        
        supplies blood to the heart
        
        cardiac veins carries blood away from the heart
- - - - discharging chambers (lower portion)
        
        blood leaves heart through ventricles
        
        left ventricle
        
        discharges blood to rest of body
        
        receive blood from left atrium
        
        right ventricle
        
        low in oxygen
        
        discharges blood to lungs
        
        receive blood from right atrium
    - - receiving chambers (upper portion)
        
        receive blood from outside
        
        left atrium
        
        high oxygen
        
        receive blood from lungs
        
        right atrium
        
        low in oxygen
        
        receive blood from the rest of the body
  - - - between atria and ventricles
        
        biscupid valves
        
        2 flaps
        
        prevents blood from leaving left ventricle and going back to left atrium
        
        on left side
        
        triscupid valve
        
        3 flaps
        
        on right side
        
        prevents blood from right utricle from re-entering right atrium
    - - between ventricle and artery
        
        pulmonary semilunar valve
        
        between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
        
        prevent blood from re-entering right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
        
        aortic semilunar valve
        
        between left ventricle and aorta
        
        prevent blood flow from aorta back into left ventricle
    - - close to prevent back flow
      - blood flow in only one direction