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The Cardiovascular System (Blood Flow Through Heart & Body (Low…
The Cardiovascular System
Major Functions
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
valves
close to prevent backflow
blood flow in only one direction
Anatomy of Heart(Chambers & Valves)
Chambers
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood to aorta
Right Ventrivle
Pumps deoxygenated blood to pulmonary trunk
Left Atrium
Collects oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins
Right Atrium
Collects Deoxygenated blood from rest of body
Valves
Atrioventricular
Bicuspid(Mitral)
Left
Tricuspid
right
Semilunar
Pulmonary
between right ventrical and pulmonary trunk
Aortic
between left ventrivle and aorta
Layers of Heart
Heart Wall
Epicardium
Outer connective tissue layer
Myocardium
middle thick muscle layer
Endocardium(Endothelium)
Inner Lining
Heart Coverings
Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
Closest to heart
Parietal Pericardium
Outside Layer
Pericardial Cavity
created by two layers of pericardium filled w serious fluid
Blood Flow Through Heart & Body
Low-Oxygenated blood comes from body
Enters superior or inferior vena cava
Goes through the Right Atrum
Passes through Tricuspid Valve and into the RIght Ventricle
Passes through Pulmonary Valve
Goes into Pulmonary Trunk which leads to the arteries
Passes through the lungs and returns to the heart
Highly oxygenated blood enters heart through Pulmonary veins
Enters the Left Ventricle
Passes through the Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
Enters the Left ventricle
Passes the the aortic valve
Into the Aorta
Blood is delivered through the body
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
Cycle
events of one complete heart beat
Mid to late diastle
blood flows into ventricle
Ventricular Systole
blood pressure builds before ventrivle contracts pushing out blood
Early Diostole
atria finish refilling ventrivular pressure
Major Arteries and Veins
Aorta
leaves ventricle to rest of body
Pulmonary Trunk
leave right ventrivle tto lungs branch into pulmonary arteries
Vena Cava
enters right atrium from upper and lower parts of body
Pulmonary Veins
enter left atrium from lungs
Differences Between Blood Vessel Types
(Structural &Functional)
Arteries
Thickest layer (large tunica media/middle)
Small Lumen(space on inside of blood vessel
Blood moved by pumping action of the heart
Veins
Thinner tunica media
Larger Lumen
Blood moved in a "milking action"of muscles
Contains many mini valves to help maintain bloodflow
Intrinsic Factors
Sinoatria Node(SA)
right atrium,starts heart beat and sets pace
Atrioventricular Node(AV)
junction between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular Bundle(AV)
right and left bundle branches
interventricular septum
Purkinjie Fibers
specialized myocardinal muscle fibers that conduct electric impulse
spread w in muscles of ventricular wall
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Pericarditis
Inflamation of pericardium
caused by vitral infections,prevents heart from contracting and expanding to pump blood
Angina Pectoris
Crushing chest pain from lack of blood to heart muscle
pain during excersize
pain due to sore chest muscles
Myocardial Infarcation
(heart attack)
hear muscle cells die due to lack of blood to heart muscle
caused by atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
chest pain pain down left arm,shortness of breath fever and vomiting
Murmur
abnormal or irregular heart sounds
caused by valve stenosis
Valve Stenosis
defect in valve failing to open which makes heart pump harder
happens to valves but worst is mitral valve stenosis
Fibrillation
rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle which prevents heart from acting as pup
caused by defect in intrinsie con conduction system,specifically SA node
Varicos Veins
swolleb and twisted veins caused by valves in veins do not work and cause backflow or pooling of blood