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Integumentary System (Function (Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) (Provides…
Integumentary System
Function
Protection
Provides a water-proof barrier
Temperature regulation
Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Excretion
Excretes water and electrolytes (minor role)
Production of vitamin D
Sensory reception
Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
Provides insulation
Connects to deeper tissue
Composed of adipose tissue and areolar connective tissue
Accessory organs
Hair
Root is embedded in the skin
Shaft rises above the integument
Attached to arrector pili
Contains nerve endings
Nails
Composed of hard keratin
Protects fingertips and allows hands to act as tools
Exocrine glands
Sweat glands
Eccrine
Part of thermoregulation
Produces water to help cool the skin
Merocrine type secretion
Apocrine
Involved in sexual signaling
Apocrine type secretion
Odor-producing glands
Sebaceous glands
Holocrine type secretion
Produces oil to soften skin and collect dirt
Composition
Components
Epithelial tissue
Stratified squamous (epidermis)
Nervous tissue
Sensory receptors
Connective tissue (dermis)
Dense irregular connective tissue (reticular layer)
Areolar connective tissue (papillary layer)
Muscle tissue
Arrector pili
Considered an organ because it is composed of more than one tissue
Epidermis
Composition
Made of stratified squamous epithelium
Cell types
Keratinocytes
Contain abundant keratin (tough protein)
Stem cells
Differentiate
Located in stratum basale
Melanocytes
Produce pigment
Tactile epithelial cells
Sensory receptors (touch)
Dendritic cells
Mobile cells that are part of the immune system
Dermis
Layers
Papillary layer
Composed of areolar connective tissue
Dermal papillae
Creates a bond between dermis and epidermis
Reticular layer
Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Collagen fibers