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the Cardiovascular System (disorders of the cardiovascular system…
the Cardiovascular System
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
heart chambers
atria
left atrium
receives blood from lungs
right atrium
receives blood from the rest of the body
ventricles
right ventricular
discharges blood to lungs
left ventricle
discharges blood to the rest of the body
interventicular septum
wall separating the right and left ventricle
types of circulation
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood to and from lungs to heart
systemic circulation
flow of blood from the rest of the body to the heart
coronary circulation
coronary arteries
supplies blood to the heart
cardiac viens
carries blood away from the heart
flow of blood to myocardium of heart
heart valves
atrioventricular valves
bicuspid(mitral) valve (left)
tricuspid va;ve (right)
between atria and ventricles
semilunar valves
pulmonary semilunar valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic semilunar valve
between left ventricle and aorta
major vessels of the heart
arota
leaves the left ventricle to the rest of body
pulmonary trunk
leave right ventricle to lungs branch into pulmonary arteries
vena cava
enters right atrium from upper and lower parts of the body
pulmonary viens
enter left atrium from lungs
Layers of the heart
walls
epicardium
outer connective tissue layer
myocardium
middle, thick muscle layer
endocardium
inner lining
coverings
pericardium
visceral pericardium
next to heart
parietal pericardium
outside layer
double serous membrane
pericardial cavity
created by two layers of pericardium ; filled with fluid
blood flow through the heart and body
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood to and from lungs to heart
coronary circulation
flow of blood to myocardium of heart
systemic circulation
flow from blood from rest of body to the heart
Major arteries and veins of the body
viens
returns blood toward heart
capillaries
connects arteries with venules
smallest blood vessels and sites of gas exchange between
arteries
carries blood away from heart
arterioles
small arteries
found between arteries and capillarie
venules
small veins
connects capillaries and viens
structural and functional differences between blood vessel types; intrinsic factors
arteries
thickest layer( large tunica media)
carry high pressure blood
blood moved by pumping action of the heart
small lumen
capillary beds (interweaving network of capillaries)
true capillaries
gas exchange by diffusion high to low concentration
vascular shunt
directly connects an arteriole to a ventricle
viens
contain many minivalve of prevent back flow
lager lumen
thinner tuncia media
carry low pressure blood
blood moved "milking" action of muscles to help move blood
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ventricular systole
events of one complete heart beat
mid- to- late disolate
blood flows into ventricle
disorders of the cardiovascular system
pericarditis
inflamation of pericardium
maybe commonly cause by viral infections which causes build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity and prevents the heart from expanding and contracting to pump blood
myocardial infraction
heart muscles cells die due to lack of blood to heart muscle
caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
symptoms include chest pain, pain down the left arm, shortness of breath, fever, vomiting
murmur
abnormal or irregular heart sound; can be cause be valve stenosis
valve stenosis
defeat in valves failing to open which makes heart pump harder
fibrillation
rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle which prevents heart from acting as a pump
cause by defeat in the intrinsic conduction system specifically the SA node
varicose veins
twisted veins caused by when valves in veins do not work and caused backflow or pooling of blood
angina pectoralis
crushing chest pain from lack of blood to heart muscle