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Government (Wellfare and institutions (Context (the average American is…

- - - - Formal rules - laws, property rights, constitutions
        
        Evidence based approach
      - Informal constraints - sanctions, taboos, customs, traditins, codes of conduct
      - Game theory
      - Path dependence
  - - - Extractive institutions
        
        Lack of coherence
        
        bent on grabbing wealth and resources away from one part of society to benefit another
      - Inclusive institutions
        
        Effective central state
        
        Broad distribution of power/ power sharing / political pluralism distributing power through interests groups// coalition of interests
        
        Comprehensive plan
        
        Free expression, productivity, education, technological advances...private property, respect to intelectual property... favoting "creative destruction" Schumpeter// well-being of the nation as a whole
- - - - Macro
        (general context/ emergent networks)
        
        Formal networks
        
        Informal networks
        
        Linkages
        
        Resources flow
        
        Support and alliances
        
        Ideological ties
        
        Informal access to formal decision making
        
        Culture (rituals, miths, languages...)
      - Micro - individuals
        Intermediante - coalitions
        (how much power they have and how are they likely to use it)
        
        Powerful players
        
        Position
        
        formal position and issues to which they are attuned
        
        Formal positions external
        
        Informal clusters
        
        (-) Backstage people?
        
        Reputational
        
        Informants analysis about relative power
        
        (-) Subjective, misleading
        
        Decision analysis
        
        Map important issues to change effort
        
        How have played important role solving these issues
        
        Power base
        
        Interests - how and toward what ends
- - - - Personal
        
        Political skills - how well one uses available resoursces
        
        Diagnostic skills - ability to develop information that allows one to formulate sucessful political sstrategies
        
        Tactical skills
      - Organizational
        
        Discretion over resources
        
        Centrality to issue resolution - ex.: expertise
        
        Organizational centrality - ex.: organizational operation
        
        Resource range (broad) - probable power shift
        
        Substitutability
    - - Is the capacity to mobilize the energy within a social system and make things happen
      - Foucault
        
        power is not a thing but a relation
        
        power is not simply repressive but it is productive, necessary, a positive force in society
        
        power is not simply a property of the State. Overcome feudal perspective. Rather, power is exercised throughout the social body, learned the benefits of colectiveness through institutional diversification. 18th in Europe.
        
        power operates at the most micro levels of social relations. Power is omnipresent at every level of the social body.
        
        the exercise of power is strategic and war-like
        
        https://www.powercube.net/other-forms-of-power/foucault-power-is-everywhere/
      - the basic energy to iniciate and sustain action - without it leaders cannot lead - translate intention into action
    - - the Ends Justify the Means - machiavelism discussion
        
        He never wrote that.
        
        Materialist - the perception of values depends of the impact on ones life. The King is judged by the results of its decision, because he is the law. He accepts moral relativism, differently of Kant (imperativo categorico - ethics of principles). But still, do we have universal values? Do we have a pure reason?
        
        Prince/King is responsible by his kindom prosperity. How to do it? Does he has to keep his words?/ (Chapter)
        
        Context - book for a Prince, not a Republic, where the virtue and stability depends on laws and principles obedience.
        
        Ethics of results, but aiming prosperity, a good life for his (súditos - those needs to obey, and the rules are defined.)
        For a prince, politics is war (prudent)...Resposibility, foster humanist and libertarian positioning..but he needs to be prepared to change the course and do the evil if necessary.
      - Limited perspectives
        
        Hierarquical authority
        
        Cooperation of others
        
        Risky
        
        Out of fashion
        
        Organizational culture
        
        takes time and effort
        
        dictates organizational paradigms
      - Overcome dichotomy - Good people x bad people; Self or institutional orientation; Friendship X Interests, undestand perspectives.
      - Idealism
- - - - Colective process
        
        Ability and determination to deal with people as they are, not as they should be - overcome good x bad view
        
        Leadership and innovation to provide solutions and engaje people
      - Lessons to be unlearned
        
        There ir no right and wrong answers
        
        Life is not a matter of individual effort
        
        Decision implementation and consequences management
      - Characteristcs
        
        Multiple dimensions - perspectives
        
        Time - consequences long time
    - - Politics, innovation and change
      - Take action and get things accomplished (x passivity)
      - Recognize there are varying interests