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Labaree, Part II (Social Mobility Versus Social Effiiceny (“The…

- - - - Our education system sets us up to have a work force mentality
  - - - Not treating everyone in the system as they are democratically equal to yourself
  - - - "Preparing young people to enter into full involvement in a complex society is itself a complex task that necessarily requires educators to balance a variety of competing concerns, and the educational institutions that result from this effort necessarily are going to embody these tension” (Labaree, 2019, pg 73)
    - - Why do people view public schools like this?
- - - - "The social mobility goal asserts that schools should provide students with the education credentials they need in order to get ahead in this structure (or to maintain their current position) (Labaree, 2019, pg 50)
        
        Enforcing the idea that the only way to progress in the world is with education
        
        No Child Left Behind?
      - "The aim of pursuing education is for the individual student to accumulate forms of educational property that will allow that student to gain an advantage in the competition for social position (Labaree, 2019, pg 51)
        
        This is a main argument for going to school, the idea being obtaining an education will allow for an individual to receive a good job and make lots of money.
        
        The idea is related to social mobility: Moving forward in education allows for growth in social life as well
      - "The consumer perspective of schools asks the question "What can school do for me, regardless of what it can do for others?" The benefits of education are understood to be selective and differential rather than collective and equal". (Labaree, 2019, pg 51)
        
        Close minded attitudes cause a negative perception on education.
        
        Schools and education are seen as an investment or cost reward system.
    - - "There is a strong ideological tradition in American history that sees schools as a expression of democratic political ideals and as a mechanism for preparing children to play a constructive role in a democratic society." (Labaree, 2019, pg 43)
        
        High school government class, civics class, both examples of preparing children for a constructive role in a democratic society
        
        Ex: School debate teams, political clubs.
      - "Citizenship training has continued to play a significant role in the ideology and practice of American education in both rhetoric and practice". (Labaree, 2019, pg 44)
        
        Ex: Political debates
        
        Shaping citizens to practice ideas learned through education.
      - "The recent movement to raise educational standards has made it clear that the call for increased "Competency over challenging subject matter" is intended in part to "ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship" (Labaree, 2019, pg 44)
        
        Increasing standards will increase general knowledge in citizens on civic duties.
        
        Requiring that students who eventually become citizens be civilly responsible and competent: Ex voting and understanding basic politics
    - - "The second goal, which i refer to as social efficiency, has exerted its influence on American schools through structural pragmatism-operationalized within schools in the form of vocationalism and educational stratification." (Labaree, 2019, pg 46)
        
        Alternative options to learning such as vocational schools. This is still important in the education world.
        
        Vocational schools allow for jobs such as mechanics or wheedlers, both important jobs that are achieved through alternative education as opposed to a traditional school.
      - "The efficiency goal focuses on the needs of the social system as a whole (adopting the perspective of the provider of educational services-the state, the policymakers who lead it, and the taxpayers who support it- and of the employer who will put the graduates to work) but the mobility goal focuses on the needs of individual educational consumers". (Labaree, 2019, pg 50)
        
        Compare and contrast between varying education goals and examples of each in practice.
        
        Education that is socially efficient. The example of the provider of education- an employer show the steps of Social Efficiency through education.
      - "From the prospective of social efficiency, the vertical distribution of educational attainment is quite desirable, since it reflects the vertical structure of the job market and therefore helps efficiently allocate individuals to particular locations in the workforce, as students move horizontally from a given level in the educational hierarchy to a corresponding level in the occupational hierarchy" (Labaree, 2019, pg 49)
        
        The more education, the better prepared for a job you will be. Higher education typically means a higher paying job.
        
        Ex: Becoming a doctor requires lots of time in school, but this also means that person will receive more money as an outcome. Time spent on education= high reward.