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Chapter 8 (the brain and spinal cord comprise the:
central nervous system…
Chapter 8
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The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system:
afferent division
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the cytoplasmic extension that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are the:
dendrites
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the myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by:
oligodendrocytes
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the polarization of a nerve fiber refers to having the:
potassium ions inside the cell and sodium outside the cell
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when a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily
potassium
the all-or-none principle states that:
all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potential
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more chapter 8
reflex arc order:
receptor, sensory neuron,interneuron, motor neuron, effecter
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what contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates?
subarachnoid space
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axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the gray commissures
the white matter of the spinal cord contains bundles of axons that share common origins, destinations, and functions
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if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, incoming sensory information would be disrupted
8.2
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neuroglia-regulate the environment around neurons, provide a supporting framework for neural tissue, and act as phagocytes (outnumber neurons)
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nissl bodies give gray color to areas containing neuron cell bodies and account for the color of gray matter seen in brain and spinal cord dissections
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neurons are sorted into sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
neuroglia are found in cns and pns, 4 types of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal)
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8.7
6 major regions of adult brain (cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, mediulla oblongata, cerebellum)
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arachnoid granulations project into the superior sagittal sinus, a large cerebral vein
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8.6
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white matter on each side can be devided into 3 regions (columns): anterior white columns, anterior white commissure, lateral white columns
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8.4
at a synapse between 2 neurons, the impulse passes from the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neuron to the postsnyaptic neuron.
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the neurotransmitters dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid, and serotonin function in cns
8.3
refractory period limits the rate at which action potentials can be generated in an excitable membrane
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all or none principal: a given stimulus either triggers a typical action potential, or it does not produce one at all
8.5
meninges- dura mater, the arachnoid, and pia mater
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cerebrospinal fluid acts as a shock absorber and transports dissolved gases, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
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