Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS (COMPUTER NETWORK (Elements (Adaptator or…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
Binary System:
Is the way that computers communicate it is based on in the combination of 1 and 0
Bit (b):
he smallest unit of information that we can store in a compure (1 or 0). It is an abbrevation of binary digit.
Byte (B):
form by eight bits
ASCII:
we give a code to each of the letters on the alphabet and to the characters computers use so that we can store them. These codes consist of the figures of 1 and 0
ASCII (the American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters.
Hardware
refers to the physical compoments of the compurtes system that we use and those we can touch and move, like, the keyboard or the mouse.
Software and programs
refers to the data and the instructions that we use to manage that data.
Computers carry out four different functions
Input:
of data using pheripheral devices
Output:
data in the storage device
Storing
of data using pheripheral devices
Processing:
data in the central proccesing unit using the micro processor and the memory
Computer processs and store information in the form of text numbers,photogragh music and so go on. When we use a computer to do calculations, change the font on a text or change the colours in a picture, we are processing information.
COMPUTER ELEMENTS
MICROPROCESSORS
is an integrate circuit made up of millions os tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and the data received from the memory.
The
clock rate
sets the pace at which processes are complete the clock constantly produce electrical impulses
Today`s microprocessors
can process
64 bits at a time
Microprocessors
power
depend on its cache memory and the speed in which it communicates with the RAM.
MEMORY AND UNITS OF STORAGE
RAM
It is the computers main memory (ramdon access memory)
When we ran an application, its instructions and data are copied in this memory so that the microprocessor can use them. This is because accesing to the hard disk is very slow.
Since RAM doesnt retain information when the computer is switched off, we must save our work to the hard disk before we close the application. Otherwise we would lose it.
Cache memory
Ram doesnt work at the same speed as the microprocessor so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory.
It stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
When you turn in your computer it automatically checks the system, This initial check is carried out using intrucctions stored in a special read- only memory, the ROM BIOS.
Storage devices
The RAM stores data temporarily. When you turn off the computers this data dissapears. We use data storage units to permanently save this data
MOTHERBOARD
is a large board inside the computer, all the other components of the computers are connected to it.
CONNECTING EXTERNAL DEVICES
: using enpansion slot on the motherboardd to connect a sound card or a graphics card.
SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEM
: manages the system resources making them available for use by the user and the applications
APPLICATIONS
: wordprocessor, spreadsheets, presentations database, drawing managements tools, drawing paints
Programming languages
The operating systems
: it is the first thing you see when you turn on your computer and the last thing you see when you turn it off
Functions of the operating systems
: manages of the microprocessor, manages the memory and storage systems, provides an interface or workingenvioroment for the user, allows communication between applicatyions and pherpheral devices
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
Installing and uninstalling programs
:we can install programs using a installation wizard. The
agregar o quitar programas
is a very useful tool for adding or remove programms
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaning the hard disk
Defragmenting the hard disk
Detecting and repairing errors
Saving power
System updates
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Installing and uninstalling programms: use package managers
How to keep your system up to date
COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information
Local area networks LANs
Metropolitan networks areas
Wide areas networks
Elements
Adaptator or network card
Hub
Transmission medium
Wireless network known as WLAN,s use eloctromacnetic waves
All computers need to hava a computer network card
Shared internet access
SHARING RESOURCES IN WINDOWS
Sharing a printer
Sharing files and folders
Accesing a shared folder
SHARING RESOURCES IN LINUX
Sharing a computer
Sharing a printer
Sharing folders
