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Chapter 5: Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems image (External…
Chapter 5: Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems
Concepts
body of an herb
leaves
stems
roots
flowering plants
angiosperms
297,000 species
largest division in the plant kingdom
basal angiosperms
waterlilies
magnolias
laurels
eudicots
roses
asters
maples
monocots
grasses
lilies
attails
palms
philodendrons
bromeliads
plant bodies
herbaceous body (primary plant body)
woody body (secondary plant body)
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
parenchyma
parenchyma tissue
most common type of cell and tissue
soft part of plants
chlorenchyma cell
involved in photosynthesis
glandular cell
transfer cells
large scale molecular pumping
many functions
collenchyma
primary wall is thin but remain
thickened in some areas(corners)
elongating shoot tips
provides plastic support
sclerenchyma
primary wall and thick secondary wall
elastic
fibers
long
flexible
sclereids
short
more/less isodiametric
External Organization of Stems
nodes
where leaves are attached
internodes
regions between nodes
leaf axil
above where leaves attach
stem
axillary bud
young leaves
dormant apical meristem
bud scales
protect inside organs
modified leaves
terminal bud
extereme tip
phyllotaxy
important positioning leaves
alternate
leaves one per node
opposite
leaves two per node
decussate
leaves located in four rows
whorled
three or more leaves per node
spiral
leaves not aligned with their nearest neighbors
distichous
leaves located in two rows only
bulbs
short shoots
fleshy leaves
onions
daffodils
garlic
Internal Organization of Stems:
Arrangement of Primary Tissues
epidermis
cutin
fatty substance
impermeable to water
cuticle
outermost surface of an herbaceous stem
cortex
interior to epidermis
vascular tissues
xylem
waiter
minerals
phloem
sugar
minerals
vascular bundles
xylem and phloem occur together
Stem growth and differentiation
apical meristems
cell divides by
mitosis
cytokinesis
subapical meristem
below apical meristem
cells are
growing
diviing