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Chapter 5: Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems image (External…
Chapter 5: Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems
Stem growth and differentiation
subapical meristem
cells are
diviing
growing
below apical meristem
apical meristems
cell divides by
cytokinesis
mitosis
Internal Organization of Stems:
Arrangement of Primary Tissues
vascular bundles
xylem and phloem occur together
vascular tissues
phloem
minerals
sugar
xylem
minerals
waiter
cortex
interior to epidermis
epidermis
outermost surface of an herbaceous stem
cutin
cuticle
impermeable to water
fatty substance
External Organization of Stems
bulbs
garlic
daffodils
onions
fleshy leaves
short shoots
phyllotaxy
important positioning leaves
distichous
leaves located in two rows only
spiral
leaves not aligned with their nearest neighbors
whorled
three or more leaves per node
decussate
leaves located in four rows
opposite
leaves two per node
alternate
leaves one per node
terminal bud
extereme tip
bud scales
modified leaves
protect inside organs
axillary bud
dormant apical meristem
young leaves
leaf axil
above where leaves attach
stem
internodes
regions between nodes
nodes
where leaves are attached
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
sclerenchyma
sclereids
more/less isodiametric
short
fibers
flexible
long
primary wall and thick secondary wall
elastic
collenchyma
primary wall is thin but remain
thickened in some areas(corners)
provides plastic support
elongating shoot tips
parenchyma
many functions
transfer cells
large scale molecular pumping
glandular cell
chlorenchyma cell
involved in photosynthesis
parenchyma tissue
soft part of plants
most common type of cell and tissue
Concepts
plant bodies
woody body (secondary plant body)
herbaceous body (primary plant body)
flowering plants
angiosperms
monocots
bromeliads
philodendrons
palms
attails
lilies
grasses
eudicots
maples
asters
roses
basal angiosperms
laurels
magnolias
waterlilies
largest division in the plant kingdom
297,000 species
body of an herb
roots
stems
leaves