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e847d42f49d14f22969b51d1f8d7262e Chapter 3: Cell structure (Plant…
Chapter 3: Cell structure
Concepts
Organelles
nuclei
chloroplasts
mitochondria
Multicellular Organism
composed of more than one cell
Unicellular Organism
Division of Labor
allows the entire organism to become more efficient
Example of Plant Cell Types
cells of shoot/root tips
cell division
produce new protoplasm
epidermis
water retention
cutin and wax are barriers against fungi and insects
epidermal gland cells
protection
produce poisons that inhibit animals from harming plants
green leaf cells
collect solar energy by photosynthesis
root epidermal cells
collect water and minerals
vascular cells
transport
water
minerals
organic molecules
flowers cells
petal cells
pigments that attract pollinators
scent cells
fragrances that attract pollinators
nectary cells
sugars that attract pollinator
stamen cells
indirectly involved in producing sperm cells
carpel cells
indirectly involved in producing egg cells
fruit cells
produce sugars, aromas,
flavorful compounds that attract fruit-eating/seed-dispersing animals
Membranes
composition of membranes
intrinsic proteins
protein partially immersed in the lipid bilayer
extrinsic proteins
located outside the membrane
domains
small discrete regions
properties of membranes
exocytosis
excrete
wastes
debris
mucilage
proteins
polysaccharides
endocytosis
opposite process
especially common in algae and other microscopic organism that take in food particles
selectively permeable membranes
certain substance cross the membrane more easily and rapidly than others
facilitated diffusion
molecular pumps
active transport
compartmentalization
each specialized for a particular process
freely permeable membrane
allows everything to pass through quickly
impermeable membrane
doesn't allow anything through at all
Basic cell types
prokaryotic
bacteria
archaea
eukaryotic
plants
animals
fungi
protists
Plant cells
protoplasm
mass of proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
water within a cell
all cell are made up of protoplasm
plasma membrane
membrane that completely covers the surface of the protoplasm
nucleus
archive
permanet storage place
surrounds the nucleus
central vacuole
cytoplasm
mitochondria
breaks down ATP
freely permeable
adenosine triphosphate
outer mitochondrial membrane
inner mitochondrial membrane
cristae
selectively permeable
numerous pumps and channels
plastids
group of dynamic organelles able to perform many functions
stroma
inner membrane fluid
chlorophyII
green pigment
thylakoids
membrane sheets
project into the stroma
ribosomes
particles responsible for protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
rough ER
rough appearance
smooth ER
lipid synthesis
lack ribosomes
membrane assembly
microbodies
peroxisomes
glyoxysomes
only in plants
dictyosomes
Golgi body
Golgi apparatus
cytosol
clear
volume of cytoplasm
microtubules
motility
cytoskeleton
microfilaments
cytoskeleton
storage products
cell wall
almost all plants have
provides strength and protection
Fungal cells
chitin
don't contain plastids
Associations of Cells
algae
protozoans
petal cells
Chapter 3: Cell structure