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Medieval Europe (Castles (Questions: (Two parts every castle had: motte…
Medieval Europe
Castles
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Moat: The primary purpose of the moat wasn't to stop attackers it was to stop tunnelers from digging under the castle and calpsizing or intruding.
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Barbican: stone structure that protected the gate of a castle. Think of it as a gatehouse. It usually had a small tower on each side of the gate where guards could stand watch.
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Questions:
Two parts every castle had: motte and a bailey, which was an open space next the motte. Both parts were encircled by high-walls, and the central building of the castle was built on the motte.
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If a wall was crenelated it meant it had gaps. The two parts of a crenelated wall had were crenels which were the gaps and merlons which were where archers hid.
3 reasons gateways were so dangerous were because there were hoardings that provided protection in the roofs and had arrow slits by which archers could shoot, gates were made from a very hard iron and they were called portcullis and they could be released quickly if someone tried to get in, and if people tried to get through the gates soldiers would throw rocks, boiling water, or burning sticks onto the attacking soldiers below the murder holes.
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Magna Carta:
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Begining of democracy, put limits on the power of the king
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Ideas are found in the US constitution, Declaration of Independence
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Life after:
The magna carta stated the right of nobles and what they would do to the king if he violated those rights.
King John was pressured into signing it because he knew that without the nobles and the knights he didn't have anyone to protect him or the kingdom.
It helped with the nobles because now they had fairer rights and before the king had all power to himself,
Feudalism/Social Classes
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Lords/Nobles/Baron:
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Maintained order, enforced laws, and kept serfs safe.
Knights:
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Followed a code called chivalry that stressed bravery, loyalty, generosity, religion, and strength.
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Germanic Tribes:
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Britains/Britons, Anglo- Saxons
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Charlemagne:
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The divine right of kings was a political and religious was of thinking that says a monarch was given the right to rule by god himself.
The Carolingian Renaissance was a time in which the emphasis of scholarship and learning was renewed.
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He was known as king of the Franks, He was a firm supporter of Christian faith, in 800CE Charlemagne was crowned emperor of the Holly Rome.
Kings:
William the Conqueror:
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He took a census, the book was known as Doomsday Book.
Henry ii
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Ruled England, Wales, Ireland, parts of France, and Scotland.
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