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Molecular Biology of Human Cell (Anatomi (General anatomy (Basic anatomy…
Molecular Biology of Human Cell
Anatomi
General anatomy
Basic anatomy of Cardiorespiration
Planum
Explain the basic aspects of biochemistry and physiology of homeostasis
Homeostasis
Water, acids, bases and buffer
A maintenance mechanism in a condition close to a constant internal environment (intercellular fluid, intercellular space
Characteristics of extracelluar fluid
Components of homeostatic regulation.
Explain the structure of the main compounds in the body
Carbohydrat, lipids, proteins, and amino acids
Classification of carbohydrates, lipids and nitrogen-containing compounds
Characteristics and Classification of protein and amino acids
Introduction of laboratory tools (biochemistry), pipetting technique and scales
Explain the structure of cell membrane, membrane potential, and transportation of substance into cell membrane
Cell membrane
Structure of cell membranes
Classification of membrane proteins
Active and passive transport across a cell membrane
Basic principles of membrane potential.
Experimental method for measuring membrane potential
Nernst potentials dan equilibrium potentials
Explain the components of cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane. 2. Ribosomes. 3. Endoplasmic reticulum. 4. Golgi apparatus. 5. Secretory granules. 6. Lysosomes. 7. Proteasome. 8. Mitochondria. 9. Peroxisome. 10. Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
Histotechnique. 1. Preservation tissue 2. Tissue processing 3. Tissue slicing 4. The routine staining 5. 5. The interpretation of the structure and functional tissue
Basic microscope use histotechniques and cells
Explain cell cycle, DNA synthesis, transcription and translation
Cell cycle
Four phases of the cell cycle. 2. Chechpoints in the cell cycle. 3. Mitosis 4. The structure of chromosome 5. Mitosis
The types of replication. 2. Initiation. 3. DNA polymerase activity. 4. Repair mechanism. 5. Recombination
RNA polymerase activity. 2. Types of RNA polymerase. 3. mRNA Synthesis 4. rRNA synthesis. 5. tRNA Synthesis 6. Initiation, elongation, and termination
Isolation of DNA
Explain enzymes and co-enzymes
Enzyme
Characteristics of the enzyme. 2. Characteristics of the co-enzyme. 3. Classification of enzymes. 4. Examples of co-enzyme.
The types of catalytic mechanisms. 2. The role of metal ions. 3. The role of cofactors. 4. The optimal pH and temperature. 5. types inhibitor
The plot between reaction velocity (V) and substrate concentration (S). 2. Determine Km and Vmax experimentally
Effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity
Explain mitochondria, redox reaction, Krebs cycle and respiratory chain.
Mitochondria and cell respiration
Definition of redox reactions
Stages in balancing redox reactions
3.The common understanding of cellular respiration
Stages of the Krebs cycle
The function of the Krebs cycle
The process of the respiratory chain 2. The function of the respiratory chain
Influence of temperature on enzyme activity and measurement of pancreatic amylase enzyme
Explain the structure of nucleic acid and components of nucleus
Nucleus and nucleic acids
The structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). 2. Location of DNA 3. Types of nucleoside 4. The concept of base pairs. 5. Characteristics of RNA. 6. Type RNA
Nuclear envelope. 2. Chromatin. 3. nucleolus 4. Chromatin 5. Nucleus Matrix 6. Variation in morphology of nucleus
Explain the types and process of cell death
Cell death
Apoptosis. 2. Necrosis. 3. autophagy 4. Cell injury and cell death
Explain the process of mitosis and stem cell
Stem cells
Definition and characteristics of stem cells, the types of stem cells, a variety of stem cells in the huan body, the application of stem cells in medicine, Ipsc 2. Sources of ste cell 3. Advantage and disadvantage of stem cells
Explain the process of meiosis, fertilization and zygote development
Meiosis
Definition and stages of meiosis 2. Germ layers, blastulation, gastrulation and organogenesis
Stages of fertilization. 2. Twins. 3. Impaired fertilization. 4. Genes associated with sex determination
The recombination gene process in fertilization
Explain the regulation of gene expression and biological aspect of cancer
Regulation of gene expression and cancer
Regulatory elements 2. Transcription factors
Causes of cancer. 2. Damage to DNA that causes mutations. 3. Oncogenes. 4. Tumor suppressor genes. 5. Apoptosis and cancer 6. Cancer requires multiple mutations
Explain histological staining techniques and basics of cytogenetics
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetic and karyotyping 2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization 3. the variations in the number of chomosomes
Explain neurons, glial cell, and action potential
Nerve cells
The development of nerve cells. 2. Perikaryon. 3. Dendrite. 4. Axon. 5. The nerve impulse. 6. Synapse Communications
ologodendrocyte. 2. Astrocytes. 3. Ependymal cells. 4. Microglia. 5. Schwann cell. 6. Satellite cells of ganglia
Graded potential. 2. Spatial summation. 3. Temporal summation 4. Action potential conduction. 5. Salitatory conduction
Explain the basicsof genetic diseases and newborn screening
Genetic Abnormalities
A general overview of single gene disorder
Autosomal inheritance
X-linked inheritance.
Y-linked inheritance
A general overview of polygenic disorders. 2. Examples of diseases caused by polygenic disorders.
Pedigree of mitochondrial disorders. 2. Examples of diseases caused by mitochondrial disorders.
Genetic diseases that are often found in Indonesia
Newborn screening on Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (cah), Galactosemia (GAL)
Explain epithelial network, connective tissue and adipose tissue
Epithelial tissue, adipose, and connective tissue
The characteristics of the epithelial tissue. 2. Embriology of the epithelial tissue 3. the epithelial tissue location in human body. 4. Specialization of the apical surface of the cell. 5. Types of epithelium. 6. Transport on the epithelium. 7. The renewal of epithelial cells. 8. Describe of polarity (apical, basal, lateral, and junctional complex) 9. definition and the classification of the glandular.
Cells in connective tissues: 1. Fibers 2. Ground substances dan jaringan lemak 1. White adipose tissue 2. Brown adipose tissue 3. The cells of the connetive tissue. 4. Fibers. 5. Ground substances. 6. Types of connective tissue.
Microscopic of various types of epithelial
Microscopic of connective tissue
Explain types and development of muscle, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the process of muscle contraction
Muscle contraction
Three types of muscle. 2. The development of skeletal muscle. 3. The structure of myofibril 4. Describe of "'key concept of contraction'in muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles)
Mechanism of muscle contraction. 2. The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle contraction. 3. Characteristics of skeletal muscle contraction. 4. Mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction
The activity of alpha-motor neurons. 2. End -plate potential. 3. Neurotransmitter at NMJ
The electrical activity of cells in muscle and nerve cells