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ENERGETICS (Terms and its meaning (ENTHALPY CHANGE OF ATOMIZATION
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ENERGETICS
Terms and its meaning
ENTHALPY CHANGE OF ATOMIZATION
:pencil2: Entalphy change when one mole of a substance decomposes completely into gaseous atoms
CH4 (g) → C (g) + 4H (g)
ENTHALPY CHANGE OF COMBUSTION
:pencil2: Entalphy change when one mole of substance is completely burned in oxygen
C2H5OH(ℓ) + 7⁄2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(ℓ)
ENTHALPY CHANGE OF FORMATION
:pencil2: Entalphy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its element in its standard state
O2(g) + C(graphite) ⇌ CO2(g)
FIRST IONIZATION ENERGY
:pencil2: The minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
H(g) → H+(g) + e-
FIRST ELECTRON AFFINITY
:pencil2: The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous electrons is added to one mole of gaseous atoms
F(g) → F+(g) + e-
LATTICE ENTHALPY
:pencil2: Enthalpy change when one mole of slid ionic compound is broken down into gaseous ions under standard condition (or vice versa)
NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl–(g) [endothermic]
Na+(g) + Cl–(g) → NaCl(s) [exothermic]
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Energy cycles (AHL)
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Enthalpies of solution
enthalpy change when one mole of ionic substance dissolves in water to give a solution of infinite dilution
Enthalpies of hydration
enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions dissolve in water to give a solution a difinite solution
Factors affecting enthalpy hydration
1) Charge of ions - decrease ionic size, increase attraction, increase enthaply hydration
2) Charge on the ions - increase charge, increase attraction, increase enthalpy hydration
LATTICE ENTHALPY
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Theoretical lattice enthalpis:
calculated by assuming-
calculated by assuming-
1) the crystal is made up from perfectly spherical ions
2) interaction is due to electrostatic forces between the ions
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