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Leaves (Morpholoy and antomy of other leaf types (Succulent leaves (shape…
Leaves
Morpholoy and antomy of other leaf types
Succulent leaves
thick and fleshy
favors water conservation
shape reduces
surface-to-volume ratio
Sclerophyllous foliage levels
produce sugars
used in own metabolism
limits amount of sclerenchyma
soft, flexible, edible
resistant to
animals
fungi
freezing temp
ultraviolet light
Leaves of conifers
sclerophyll leaves
contain unpalatable chemicals
needles occur in
pines
firs
spruces
Bud scales
dormant shoot apical meristems
protected from low temps
role is primary protection
Spines
pointy parts of cacti
Tendrils
modified leaf
peas
cucumbers
squash
contain cells that sense contact
side facing object stops growing
causing coiling around object
Leaves with kranz anatomy
C4 photosynthesis
lack
palisade parenchyma
spongy mesophyll
Insect traps
ability to trap and digest insects
type of habitats
poor in nitrates and ammonia
two types
passive traps
active traps
Internal structure of foliage leaves
Epidermis
flat, thin foliage leaves
water loss
called transpiration
large surface area
Mesophyll
interior to leaf epidermis
palisade parenchyma
upper surface
layer of cells
one layer thick
spongy mesophyll
lower portion of leaf
open, loose aerenchyma
occurs in center of leaf
Vascular tissues
eudicot leaf
midrib
midvein
lateral veins
emerge in minor veins
Xylem
release H2O
Phloem
loads sugar
bundle sheath
many fibers arranged as a sheath
surround vascular tissue
Petiole
massive in plants
palms
rhubarb
celery
water lilies
leaf traces
branch from vascular bundles
stipules
two small flaps of tissue
functions
protect shoot apical meristem
Initiation and development of leaves
Basal agiosperms and eudicots
shoot apical meristem
leaves are produced
leaf primordium
protoderm grow outward
form a protrusion
narrow cone
Monocots
initiated by expansion of apical meristem
External structure of foliage leaves
functions
photosynthesis
absorb CO2
convert to carbohydrate
minimal water loss
no entry
fungi, bacteria, or epifoliar algae
structure
leaf blade
flat, light-harvesting portion
dorsal surface
blade's lower side
ventral surface
upper side
usually smooth
petiole
holds blade into light
allow blade to flutter
veins
bundles of vascular tissue
compound leaf
blade divided inot individula parts
