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Immunology 4 - infection + immunity - how organisms evade the immune…

- - - - memory is so specific that it offers no protection against a different serotype of a previously encountered organism
        
        i.e. S pneumoniae has a large no. of serotypes that differ in capsular polysaccs
  - - - "sleeping sickness"
      - parasite protozoa
- - - - instead opsonisation (C3b) + complement must occur (engulfment mediated by Fc + complement Rs)
- - - - 1) tuberculoid
        
        Th1 CK mediated (IL2, IFNgamma, TNFbeta)
        
        organism present @ low/undetectable levels
        
        low infectivity
        
        caseating granulomas (giant cells + rim of lymphocytes)
        
        inflamm
        
        organism successfully killed but @ a cost - peripheral N damage
      - 2) lepromatous
        
        Th2 CK mediated (IL4,5,10)
        
        high levels of organisms, grow floridly in macrophages
        
        high infectivity - disseminates to bone, cart, Ns
        
        hypergammaglobulinaemia
        
        no specific response to M leprae antigen, low/absent T cell response