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Digestion and absorption exam answers (mRNA is used during translation to…
Digestion and absorption exam answers
Explain how proteins are digested in the gut
1) The peptide bonds are hydrolysed
2) Endopeptidases break polypeptides down to form smaller peptide chains
3)Exopeptidases also remove the terminal amino acids
4) Then Dipeptidases hydrolyse the dipeptides into amino acids
Describe the structure of proteins
1) Primary structure of a proteins is the order of amino acids joined together by glycosidic bonds
2) Secondary structure of a protein is the folding the the primary into either beta pleated sheets and alpha helix due to hydrogen bonding
3) Tertiary structure of a protein is the further folding of the secondary structure due to the formation of ionic, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges to form a specific 3D tertiary structure
4) Quaternary structure is the joining of 2 or more polypeptide chains
Graphs
Look at the axis and the data displayed
If the graph has standard deviation bars then
always
make reference to the significant difference
What's the correlation?
Remember correlation does
NOT
mean causation
If it asks to evaluate then give 2 reasons for for and against the data
mRNA is used during translation to form polypeptides. Describe how mRNA is produced in the nucleus of a cell
1) DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds
2) Only one DNA strand acts as a template
3)
complimentary
RNA nucleotides attracted to expose bases
The attraction is in accordance of base pairing rule
4) RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides together
5) Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns
Describe how you would test a sample of food for the presence of starch
1) Add iodine to the food sample
2) If the solution turns a blue black then starch is present
The concentration of glucose in the blood rises after eating a meal containing carbohydrates. The rise is slower if the carbohydrate is starch rather than sucrose. Explain why
1) Starch is digested to maltose by amylase
2) Maltose is then digested to glucose by maltase
3) Digestion of sucrose is a single step as only sucrase is required unlike Starch which is multi-step