Wong_Melinda_Block4_MM9
Mendel Law of Inheritance
Law of Segregation
Law of Assortment
Paired set of alleles for a gene will separate into 2 different gametes
alleles for different genes sort independently of each other
Exceptions
Unlinked genes always sort independently
linked only sort independently if there's a crossover
Mendel's Experiment
P Generation
true-breeders
F1 Generation
hybrids
F2 Generation
offspring of F1 generation
parents of F1 cross
Shows dominant phenotype
homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive
One dominant allele and one recessive allele
Phenotype all dominant ratio 4:0 (monohybrid)
different phenotype
3:1 ratio for phenotype (monohybrid)
1:2:1 ratio for genotype (monohybrid)
genotype ratio 0:4:0 (monohybrid)
Product of F2 Cross
Product of F1 cross
Dihybrid Cross
F2 Generation
Phenotype ratio 9:3:3:1
observing 2 genes
Test Cross
cross individual w/ dominant phenotype w/ individual w/ dominant recessive
if there are phenotype with recessive phenotype then parent is heterozygous
if there are no phenotype with recessive phenotype then parent is homozygous dominant
Probability Rules
Product Rule
p(A×B) = p(A) × p(B)
Sum Rule
p(A+B) = p(A) + p(B)
And
Or
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Red x White = Pink
Red x White = Red & White
Chromosome Disjunction
2n+1
2n-1
X-chromosome inactivation
looks like codominance
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