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The Integumentary System (Epidermis (Stratum Corneum (Location…

- - - - Cutaneous nerves
        
        Provide sensory information
        
        Deliver impulses
    - - Help provide sensory information to the nerves
  - - - Produced by glands
        
        Eccrine glands
        
        Reduces heat
        
        Acts as a form of heat sink
        
        Cools through evaporation
        
        Located all over the body
        
        Apocrine glands
        
        Located only in the anus and genital area
      - Composition
        
        Dissolved salts
        
        Water
    - - Increase heat
      - Circulate nutrients
      - Located throughout the integumentary system
  - - - Prevents the entry of debris
      - Prevents the entry of microorganisms
    - - Destroys pathogens
      - Known as langerhan cells
        
        Dendritic, antigen presenting cells
  - - - Functions
        
        Collects dirt which can be washed away
        
        Prevents dehydration of the skin
      - Secreted by the sebacious glands
        
        Glandular cells in the Hypodermis
        
        Ducts run through all layers superior to the hypodermis
      - A holocrine secretion
        
        The whole cell dies to become the secretion
    - - Produced by glands
        
        Eccrine glands
        
        Located all over the body
        
        Reduces heat
        
        Acts as a form of heat sink
        
        Cools through evaporation
        
        Apocrine glands
        
        Located only in the anus and genital area
        
        Produce odors when secretion is broken down by bacteria
      - Composition
        
        Water
        
        Dissolved salts
      - Located in the hyodermis
        
        Ducts run through the layers superior to the hypodermis
- - - - Connects the Dermis to the Epidermis
      - Avascular
        
        Receive nutrients from the underlying papillary layer
  - - - Provide sensation
        
        Innervate the skin
    - - Sebaceous
        
        Produces skin oils
        
        Prevents dehydration of the skin
      - Sweat
        
        Produces sweat
        
        Thermoregulation
        
        Apocrine sweat releases a scent
    - - Circulate blood for nutrition
      - Participate in thermoregulation
    - - Provides a path for the hair follicle
    - - Attached to the hair
        
        Leads to goose bumps when it contracts
        
        Stimulated by nerves
      - A smooth muscle
  - - - Forms the bulk of the dermis
        
        Provides a resistance to tearing
- - - - Provide blood
      - Provide nutrients
      - Circulate immune cells
    - - Location of the growth of hair
    - - Sensory information for the skin
    - - Sweat gland
        
        Apocrine
        
        Everywhere on the body
        
        Water with dissolved salts
        
        Thermoregulation
        
        Cell produces the secretion
        
        Eccrine
        
        Anal and genital areas
        
        Produce odor
        
        Cell breaks down as part of secretion
      - Sebacious gland
        
        Prevents dehydration
        
        Merocrine
        
        Can also be apocrie
    - - Reduces nerve sensitivity
      - Sensitive to vibration and pressure changes
- - - - Superficial to the Stratum Lucidium
    - - Forms the outermost layer
        
        Cells are filled with the protein keratin
    - - Protective outer layer
        
        Physical protection
        
        Protects against debris
        
        Immune protection
        
        Host the normal microbiota
        
        Prevent pathogens from entering the body
        
        Formation of Vitamin D
        
        Synthesized in the keratinocytes
  - - - Superficial to the Stratum Granulosum
      - Deep to the Stratum Corneum
      - Only in thick skin
        
        Palms
        
        Soles of the feet
    - - These cells migrate to the Stratum corneum
    - - Extra protection
  - - - Granular squamous cells
        
        Keratinocytes from Stratum spinosum
  - - - merkel cells
        
        Light touch receptors
      - Melanocytes
        
        Produce melanin
        
        Causes pigmentation
        
        Protects against UV radiation
        
        Melanin is produced in the Melanosome
    - - Deep to all other layers
      - Superficial to the fascia
  - - - Produce cells for the Stratum Corneum
    - - Deep to the stratum granulosum
      - Superficial to the stratum basale
    - - Antigen presenting immune bodies
        
        Prevent skin infectrions