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Crime - Sociology (Functionalist, Strain and Subcultural theories…
Crime - Sociology
Functionalist, Strain and Subcultural theories
Functionalism: laws are societies shared norms and values. Some groups socialised into different norms and values (lower class)
Durkheim: crime is normal and an integral part of all societies. it is found in society for 2 reasons 1) not everyone socialised properly 2) diversity of lifestyles and values
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MERTON Strain theory: Anomie: people cannot achieve success through normal means and so they turn to crime
(deviance is a strain between goals and what structure of society allows them to achieve)
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Subculture theory: Lack of opportunity to achieve results in frustration and so they Seek to gain status from peers when cannot get that status from society
Cohen: deviance is largely a lower class phenomenon and results from their inability to achieve goals by legitimate means
subculture values offer an alternative status hierarchy to achieve goals through delinquent actions
HOWEVER he disagrees with merton as he sees deviance as an individual response to strain ignoring the fact most deviance is committed in or around groups
Cloward and Ohlin: WC denied legitimate opportunities to achieve 'money success' deviance stems from this response
- different subcultures respond in different ways.
- attempt to explain why different subcultures respond differently and in their view it is due unequal access to illegitimate opportunity structure (different neighbourhoods provide different illegitimate opportunities)
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Marxism, class and crime
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Neo - marxists: Critical criminology: inspired by marxism but combined with approaches like labelling theory
Anti- Deterministic: (meaningful action) - Taylor et al disagrees with deterministic views that Marxists believe in (driven to commit)
Social theory of deviance: consists of 2 main sources
1) Marxists ideas about how unequal distribution of wealth and who has the power to enforce law
2) Ideas from interactionism and labelling theory about the meaning of the deviant act for the actor and effects of the deviant label on the individual
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Gender, Crime and Justice