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Pain Psychology (Pathophysiology (Effects (Social (Positive: Sympathy,…
Pain Psychology
Pathophysiology
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Peripheral Sensation: Inflammatory mediators ( H+,K+,ATP, 5HT).
Central: Glutamate and substance P,NMDA, Ca2+ and phosph.
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Effects
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Cognitive: Catastrophising, somatisation
Sleep^^, energy and fatigue.
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Social
Positive: Sympathy, support, attention
Neg: Loss of income, family unit altered.
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Nociceptive Pain
Somatic
Localised, easily described
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Assessment
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Tools: Verbal score, HAD, Visual analogue score, McGill
History, site, nature, aggravating, previous Ix and Dx.
Red Flags
Yellow flags: fear of harm/disabled, fear avoid, low mood and withdrawal.
Hx Cancer, fever chills, immunesupress.
Management
Tx- physical (exercise, TENS, hydrotherapy), non-pharmo
Psycho (Education , coping, CBT)
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Mindfullness: Present moment awareness of thoughts, feelings and sensations.
Bio-psycho-social
Psycho: Illness behaviour, beliefs, coping strategies
Social: Social interactions, culture, sick role
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General
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"Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience usually associate with actual/potential tissue damage. Expressed in terms of such damage"