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The process of socialisation. (Functionalist view of socialisation- Talcot…
The process of socialisation.
socialisation & identity-
*Baumeister (1986)-
notes family socialization = children w/identity.
primary socialisation-
prolonged contact w/parents. Parents = significant other-key for teaching values & norms.
Socialisation & soc control Morgan (1996)-
argues primary soc is concerned w/ social control & enc conformity.- Parents use sanctions to reinforce & reward behaviour.(pos & neg sanctions)
secondary socialisation-
later in life. inc a wide range of people. -sometimes a supportive role adding to primary soc but more complex knowledge is learnt and friends may intrude on the indis values witch wouldn't win the approval of parents.
Re-socialisation-
learning new things when our role changes in society. eg- growing in to adult hood, army recruited experiencing the shock of basic training.
Anticipatory socialisation-
we somtimes already reherse roles before taking them on. eg- young person enters medical school they already know things about the life of a doctor from personal experiences as a patient or watching tv shows.
Functionalist view of socialisation-
Talcot Parsons- argues soci is based on a value consensus- agreements of whats good - socialisation is the key understanding how we learn to accept & behave in terms of these.
soc institutions do this in a num of ways-
socialise us in to key vals eg- respect authority.
make norms & vals of soci appear important ie- we have to work hard.
control behaviour- parents & school do this via sanctions & rewards
enc soc solidarity
Criticisms
-
Over emph consensus and fails to explain soc conflict
-marxists crit- don't acknowledge freedom of choice and ignores power is unequally distributed in soci.
Marxist view of socialisation-
divedes all in to 2 classes bourgeoisie who owns means of production and the proletariat who own their ability to work in return for wage. but this is unequal as its based on conflict as they want maximum labour for min wage. cap ideology shapes the soci- culture = part of the super structure.
Socialisation-
Ideological institutions soc us in to accepting inequality we are soci in to a dom ideology= beliefs of the ruling class. Institutions op in the interests of the powerful
Criticisms-
Ac of ignoring freedom of choice. People choose what to think and how to act they are brainwashed marxism = a over socialised picture of humans
Too much emp on conflict - ignores common interests employer & worker has
Neo marxists- argue the oppositional subcultures eg- hall and jefferson - some youth subcultures are a means youth express dissatisfaction w cap syst. Eg- punks and hippies
Feminist view of socialisation-
soci is characterised by dif in power and status - patriachy
gender socialisation.- happens in the fam Stratham (1986) impossible for parents to over come cultural pressure for children to behave in a gender steryotype way. by the age of 5 most children acquire a clear gender id
gender codes- collour codes, toy,play and control codes
social action view of socialisation-
dissagree w/structualist theorists interactionists think norms=flexible and can be interpreted differently.
roles were soci in to can be preformed differently - people have a much more pos role in shaping social life