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Membrane Dynamics (Transport processes (4 Different transport (Diffusion…

- - - - permeable
        
        pass through membrane
        
        .molecules size increase, membrane permeable decrease
        .lipid solubility molecules increase, membrane permeable increase
      - impermeable
        
        cant pass through membrane
  - - - properties of diffusion
        
        higher to lower concentration
        
        movement until reach equal
        
        passive transport
        
        use kinetic energy only
        
        rapid over short distance / slower over long distance
        
        related to temperature
        
        take place in open or with separated 2 compartment
        
        diffusion rate related to size and weight
      - Simple Diffusion
        
        directly across phospholipid bilayers
        
        lipophilic dissolve in lipid-solute
        
        l[ipophobic: not readily dissolve in lipid ( but water) so Hydrophobic of cell membrane act barrier prevent across
      - Ficks Law of Diffusion
        
        Diffusion rate INCREASE with an INCREASE surface area
        
        lipid solubility molecules increase, membrane permeable increase
        
        depend on concentration gradient
        
        molecules size increase, membrane permeable decrease
    - - Mediated Transport
        
        solute across membrane with help of membrane proteins
        
        membrane Protein properties
        
        membrane Enzymes
        
        catalyze chemical reaction
        
        transfer signal from extracellular environment to cytoplasm
        
        Proteins receptor
        
        .part of chemical signaling
        .bind to ligand -form vesicular transport
        
        structural protein
        
        connect membrane to cytoskeleton maintain cell shape
        
        connect cell to extracellular matrix
        
        create cell junction
        
        gap junction
        
        tight junction
        
        Transport Proteins
        (move molecules across membrane)
        
        carrier protein
        
        bind to specific substrates and changing coformation
        
        2 more items...
        
        transport use carrier proteins
        
        3 more items...
        
        channel protein
        
        form open water-filled passageway
        
        2 more items...
      - Active Transport
        
        required energy from high-energy phosphate bond ATP
        
        move substance against concentration gradient
        
        primary(direct) active transport
        (ATPases)--->enzyme acting
        Sodium-potassium pump
        
        Use ATP energy
        
        secondary(indirect) active energy
        
        potential energy
      - Facilitated Transport
        
        passive transport
        
        Ex: glucose, amino acid
        
        until reach equilibrium
        
        higher to lower concentraiton
    - - gas or liquid
      - fluid flow high to love concentration region by pressure gradient
    - - phagocytosis
        
        .using cytoskeleton to create vesicle
        .use actin microfilament and myosin motor protein engulf particle
        
        using energy from ATP
      - endocytosis
        
        use ATP energy
        
        receptor mediated endocytosis
        
        coated pit (common protein is Clathrin)
        
        caveolea
        
        pinocytosis
        
        nonselective
        
        exocytosis
        
        to export large lipophobic and waste out of the cell
- - - - Isosmotic
        
        equal
      - Hyposmotic
        
        cell has more particle mOsm than outside of cell
      - Hyperosmotic
        
        cell has less particle than mOsm outside of cell
  - - - Isotonic
        
        NP equal with mOsm inside the cell
      - Hypotonic
        
        NP less concentration than inside cell ( Swell)
      - Hypertonic
        
        NP higher concentration than inside cell (shrink, crenate)