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RTI VIRUS (Paramyxoviruses (RSV) (Enveloped ssRNA virus, infection in the…
RTI VIRUS
Paramyxoviruses
(RSV)
Enveloped ssRNA virus
infection in the nasopharynx and lower respiratory tract
<1 y/o
mortality at 3 months
peak in winter
seal bark
cough, worse at night
bronchiolitis, pneumonia
supplemental oxygen, suction mucus from airways or intubation
Avoid exposure,
Palivizumab
Incubation period – 4-5 days before clinical
RT-PCR
culture
immunoassay
Adults
Upper respiratory tract
Coronaviruses
Non-enveloped ssRNA virus
SARS
reservoir Rat/Civet cat
China – 2003
high fever, cough, malaise, diarrhoea, pneumonia,
nasopharynx, faeces, urine
MERS
Saudi Arabia
Fever, Cough, Shortness of breath, close contact
Mild-moderate upper respiratory tract illness of short duration
2-3 strains cause 2-10% of common colds
Culture
RT-PCR
serology
Orthomyxoviruses
Enveloped ssRNA viruses
with segmented genomes
Respiratory transmission
2-3 days incubation period
Short lived
cytokine storm
headache, fever, vomiting, sore throat, runny nose
Pneumonia 2ndary
in very young,
old,
immunocompromised
Influenza
give
neuraminidase inhibitors
Flu vaccine -
Doesn’t confer protection for longer than a year
Avoid exposure
Adenoviruses
Non-enveloped dsDNA viruses
Cold/flu like symptoms with fever, can cause
conjunctivitis
, pharyngitis,
tonsillitis
, epiglottitis, croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia.
Respiratory route, hand to mouth, contaminated surfaces, close personal contact, faecal/oral
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
Serology
Culture
Antigen test
Rhinovirus
80% of common colds
Antigenic diversity
Non enveloped ss RNA virus
Optimum growth temperature 33°C
Incubation period 2-3 days
Nasal, congestion,
sneezing, cough,
sore throat, rarely fever
serotypes circulate