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Characteristics of Reptiles (Feeding and Digestion (Reptiles have a…
Characteristics of Reptiles
Excretion
A reptile’s kidneys remove waste from the blood.
When
urine enters the cloaca, water is reabsorbed to form uric acid.
This semisolid waste is then excreted
Reabsorption enables reptiles to conserve water and maintain homeostasis of water
and minerals in their bodies.
Feeding and Digestion
Reptiles have a variety of feeding methods and diets.
Turtles and crocodiles have tongues that help them swallow.
The organs of the digestive system of reptiles are similar to those of fish and amphibians.
Some lizards, such as chameleons, have long, sticky tongues for catching insects.
Snakes have the ability to ingest prey much larger than themselves.
The bones of the skull and jaws of snakes are joined loosely so that they can spread apart when taking in large food materials. .
To swallow, the opposite sides of the upper and lower jaws can alternately thrust forward and retract to draw in the food.
Some snakes have venom that can paralyze and begin digestion of their prey
Most reptiles are carnivores, but some, such as iguanas and tortoises, are herbivores that feed on plants, and some turtles are omnivores.
Brain Senses
.
vision and muscle function are more complex.
reptiles have larger optic lobes and cerebellum than amphibians.
reptiles have tympanic membranes for hearing.
snakes detect vibrations through their jaw bones.
Reptiles have a highly evolved sense of smell.
When the snake pulls in its tongue, odor molecules are transferred to a pair of saclike structures called Jacobson’s organ
Snakes use their sense of smell to find prey and mates.
Circulation
Most reptiles have two atria and one ventricle, and the ventricle is partly divided by an incomplete septum.
In crocodiles, the ventricle is completely divided by the septum, creating a four-chambered heart. The two ventricles keep oxygen-rich blood separate from oxygen-poor blood.
Because they are larger than amphibians, reptiles need a higher blood pressure.
Respiration
Reptiles are able suck air into their lungs, or inhale, by
contracting muscles in the chest.
These muscle contractions
expand the upper part of the body around the lungs.
Reptiles
exhale by relaxing these same muscles.
Reptiles’ lungs have
larger surface areas than the lungs of amphibians.
With more oxygen they have more energy for complex movements.
Reproduction
Reptiles have internal fertilization.
A female reptile usually digs a hole and lays eggs in the ground or in plant debris. Most female reptiles then leave the eggs alone to hatch.
Alligators and crocodiles build nests in which to lay eggs and tend to their young after they hatch.
Some snakes and lizards keep the eggs in their bodies until they hatch.
Movement
Like amphibians, some reptiles move with limbs extended
from their sides.
Other reptiles such as crocodiles have limbs farther under their bodies which allow them to support more weight and move faster.
A stronger, heavier bone structure also helps reptiles support more body weight on land. Reptiles have claws that aid in digging, climbing, and gripping the ground.
Body tempreture
.
Reptiles are ectotherms, so they cant control body temperature.
They adjust their body temperature through behaviors.
A turtle might bask in the sun to get warm.
Some reptiles survive winter by burrowing or going into a state of inactivity.
Some snakes huddle in masses to reduce heat loss.
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Aljohara Jamalaldeen