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Unit 5 How effective was the U.S. @ stopping the spread of communism?…
Unit 5 How effective was the U.S. @ stopping the spread of communism?
Cuba
Us reaction
The CIA launches the Bay of Pigs invasion, which failed on 1961
The invasion led Castro to seek help from the ussr, whom site missile launch sites on cuba.
Us place an embargo on Cuba
Cuban missile crisis
Us obtain spy plane photos providing the existance of this launch sites.
Kennedy announces blockade to prevent delivery of weapons.
Nikita start building missile launch sites in cuba.
Nikita agrees to remove the missiles from cuba, only if the us remove their missiles from turkey, both leaders agreed and until now day cuba still a communist country.
Cuban Revolution
Cuba saw extremely high poverty and unemployement under batista.
1953 Castro starts a revolution against batista. won at the end of 1959
Cuba is lead by general fulgencio batista
Korea
Roots of the Korean War
USSR Defeats the Japanese in the North of Korea. US defeats the Japanese in the South of Korea.
The North is run by Communist Kim Il Sung, the South is run by Capitalist Syngman Rhee.
Korea had been taken over by Japan until end of WWII, 1945.
Korean War
President Truman sends warships, advisers, and supplies to the South (Capitalists).
The mess at the United Nations:
The USSR walked out of the UN to protest China’s exclusion.
This means there are no Communists present when the UN votes to act in Korea.
The US doesn’t allow Communist China into the UN in 1949.
The US influenced the UN vote by being the biggest contributor to the UN budget, $$$$$.
The US wants the UN to condemn the actions of N. Korea, but they have to vote.
In 1950, North Korea (Communists) invades the South and take over almost all of Korea.
Background Info
Korea’s neighbor, China, becomes Communist in 1949, making Americans worry about the “Domino Theory”.
United Nation or United States War???
Vietnam
4 VietCong Tactics
Tunnel Complexes- more than 150 miles of tunnels
-These are used to avoid the bombs of the US-Used to smuggle weapons from one place to another.-Used to hide after a firefight.
“Hanging onto American Belts”
-This tactic involved fighting extremely close to the US so their bombers and artillery could not be used.- The US was not going to bomb their own men
Use of Peasants/Farmers
The VC were ordered to be friendly with the peasants so they would:-Give them supplies-Hide weapons/soldiers, VC dressed like the peasants to blend in.-Not inform on them to the US.-Pass info along to the VC about the US troops.
The VC also terrified the peasants so they would work for them. Killing those who did not aid the VC.
Booby Traps
-These were designed to frighten the US soldiers and lower morale- Also to lessen the numbers of fighters available.- Very safe tool since the VC does not have to be around to inflict damage- Very cheap to make
Us tactics
Search and Destroy
Tactic where the US would fly small #’s of troops out to Vietcong locations then destroy everything the Vietcong needed to continue fighting.
Problems
Vietcong would get advanced warnings of raids and move supplies.
-Innocent villagers would sometimes get killed.-Images of US soldiers destroying villages made the US look bad and raised opposition to the war
Operation Rolling Thunder
Problems
-Did not disrupt supplies.-Killed many innocent people, making the US look bad and raising opposition to the war.
-Massive bombing campaign that was supposed to disrupt the supplies of weapons and troops to South Vietnam.
Chemical Weapons
Tactic used to combat the natural advantage of the jungle environment that the Vietcong had over US troops.-A spray was dropped from planes that would kill the leaves of trees, so bombs could be used more effectively.-Bombs and Flame throwers were used to burn through the jungle.
Problems
Innocent people were harmed with these tactics.-It made the US look like monsters to the people of Vietnam
Strategic Hamlets
-Tactic used to separate Vietcong from the Farmers, so the “Enemy” could be easily found.-Required moving Farmers/Peasants/Villagers to “Safe Zones” that had been cleared of “the Enemy
Problems
-Vietnamese did not want to be moved from their homes.-Vietcong often tricked US troops and got into safe zones.
Vietnam Background
2.1941: Japan Takes control of Vietnam
b. Japan leaves upon losing WWII
c. French try to reassert control.d. Viet Minh continue to fight the Frenche. The French get help from the US.f. In 1954 Vietminh win independence, Geneva Accords signed to end war, Vietnam divided in half.g. Unfortunately, the French were being helped by the US. The US continues to fight Communism
a. Viet Minh continue the fight for independence.
1955: US backs Ngo Dinh Diem in the South (Puppet)
b. He is disliked by many Vietnamese, and had little control over S. Vietnam.
c. Diem is finally assassinated in an attempt to overthrow his Gov’t.
a. Diem is extremely anti-Communist, and wants to unite Vietnam.
d. The US remains to continue the fight against Communism.
1870’s: French Colonize Indo China.
b. Europeans (Portuguese) had been here for over 400 years.
c. Viet Minh, freedom fighters aligned with Ho Chi Minh seek independence for Vietnam.
a. 70 years of French colonial rule.