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Acute Pulmonary Edema (Signs/Symptoms - General (dyspnea (especially upon…
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Signs/Symptoms - General
dyspnea
especially upon exertion
tachycardia
anxiety, apprehension, combativeness, and confusion
tripod position w legs dangling
fatigue
crackles/possible wheezing
cyanosis
pale, moist skin
cough
SpO2 <94%
Signs/Symptoms - Exclusive
orthopnea (diff. breathing when laying flat)
cardiogenic cause only
distended neck veins
swollen lower extremities
symptoms of cardiac compromise
fever
Treatment
inadequate breathing
PPV w BVM/CPAP
keep patient sitting upright sitting position
transport w/o delay
Facts
two kinds
cardiogenic
typically related to inadequate pumping function of left ventricle
drastically increases pressure in pulmonary capillaries
forces fluid to leak into space between alveoli and capillaries
eventually into alveoli
noncardiogenic
AKA ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome
results from destruction go capillary bed that allows fluid to leak out
causes
severe pneumonia
aspiration of vomitus
submersion
narcotics OD
inhalation of smoke or other toxic gases
ascent to high altitude
sepsis
trauma
most significant problem is hypoxia
Pathophysiology
occurs when excessive fluid collects in spaces b/w alveoli + capillaries
leads to hypoxemia, cellular hypoxia, and hypercarbia