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Pulmonary Embolism (Signs/Symptoms - General (cough (might cough up blood)…
Pulmonary Embolism
Signs/Symptoms - General
cough
might cough up blood
tachypnea
cool, moist skin
restlessness, anxiety, sense of doom
cyanosis
might be severe
late sign
crackles
SpO2 <94%
Signs/Symptoms - Exclusive
sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea
signs of diff. breathing/respiratory distress/rapid breathing
sudden onset of sharp, stabbing chest pain predominantly during inhalation
syncope
hypotention
late sign
distended neck veins
late sign
fever
Pathophysiology
caused by
Blood clot
air bubble
fat particle
foreign body
amniotic fluid
prevents blood from flowing to lung
some areas of lung will have O2 in alveoli, some will not
creates cellular hypoxia through a disturbance on perfusion side
governed by size of embolus and vessel that is blocked
creates cellular hypoxia through a disturbance on perfusion side
Facts
obstruction of blood flow of pulmonary arteries leads to hypoxia
risk factors
long periods of immobilization
heart disease
recent surgery
long-bone fractures
venous pooling assoc. w pregnancy
cancer
deep vein thrombosis
estrogen therapy
clotting disorders
history of of previous pulmonary embolism
smokers
Treatment
supplemental O2