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Unit 5: How Effective was the U.S. @ Containing Communism Spread? (Korea…
Unit 5: How Effective was the U.S. @ Containing Communism Spread?
Korea
Background
China becomes Communist in 1949; Americans worry about "Domino Theory."
Roots of the Korean War
Korea liberated from Japanese control in 1945.
USSR runs N. Korea; US runs S. Korea
Communist: Kim II Sung, Capitalist: Syngman Rhee
Korean War
In 1950, N. Korea invade S. (takes over most of it)
Truman sends warships, advisers, & supplies to South Korea
The Mess of the UN + Extra Info.
US want UN to punish N. Korea, but voting is needed
US doesn't allow Communist China into UN in 1949
USSR didn't attend as protest
Vietnam
Background
1870's: French Colonize Indo. China
70 years of French Colonial Rule
Europeans (Portugease) stayed for over 400 years
Viet Minh, freedom fighters, worked alongside Ho Chi Minh to start revolution for independence.
1941: Japan takes Control of Vietnam
Viet Minh continue to fight for independence
Japan leaves when losing in WWII
French try to take back Vietnam, but Viet Minh fight back
USA helps France
Vietnam wins Independance in 1954, Geneva Accords signed to end war, and the country splits to two- one Communist and the other Capitalist
USA stays to help fight Communism
1955: US backs Ngo Dinh Diem in the South (Puppet)
Diem is anti-Communist and wants to unite Vietnam
Disliked by Vietnamese and had little control over S. Vietnam
Diem is assassinated in an attempt to overthrow Gov
US continues to remain
Vietnam War Tactics/Withdraw
Viet Cong's goal was to keep fighting until the USA left, not to win the war
Use of farmer/peasants
Tunnel Complexes- more than 150 miles of tunnels
"Hanging onto American Belts"
Booby traps
Cuba
Cuban Revolution
Fulgencio Batista is overthrown by Fidel Castro
US doesn't like this because Batista was America's puppet, which they used to take money from Cuba to America
Bay of Pigs Invasion
John F. Kennedy approves for the CIA to train Cuban exiles to fight against Castro
Ends in failure as soon as exiles returned to Cuba, many killed or jailed immediately
Cuban Missile Crisis
US realizes that after the Bay of Pigs invasion, the USSR leader sent missiles to Cuba and sent them up there. This makes the USA concerned.
Kennedy sets up blockade, this is the closest the US and USSR have come to war.
They talk privately and Cuba agreed to dismantle missiles in Cuba if America takes away missiles in Turkey; Kennedy makes these missiles being take away from Turkey a secret (to make it look like an American victory)
US Withdraw
Protests (Kent State Protest)
Loss of $$ and lives
Tet Offensive