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Great Connected - Work in prog. (General Principles for Research 1. (What…
Great Connected - Work in prog.
General Principles
for Research 1.
What is Psychology
?
Scientific study of:
Mind
(mental processes -
both un-/conscious)
Behavior
What is
Science
?
Main
Goal
:
Establish Knowledge
'bt a phenomenon
How
to Establish
Knowledge?
Research
Use of
Mehods
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Scientific
Theory
Definitions
:
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Scientific Ideas
can be
Tested
What
distinguishes
Scientific
Explanations?
Scientific
explanations
Object to
strict evaluation
Peer-review
Experiments and Theories must
Reviewed
by
other Colleagues
Reproducibility
Experiments
and their
Results
must be
Reproducible
Tentative
(
gradual
)
new knowledge gets
gradually
Discovered
and
Integrated
General
Coherence
btw
different theories
new knowledge must explain
New and Old Data
Simple
(parsimony)
prefer
Simpler explanations
less variables
simpler relation among variables
Testable
(verifiable)
test/experiment(s)
that gives
evidence for/against
Falsificability
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Rational
must follow
Logical Implications
(?)
Empirical
Based on
Observation
,
collected Data
and
not simply
on
Intuition
Non-scientific
explanations:
Sources
of Non-scientific
explanations:
Society
:
Authority
Religious Dogmas
Culturally shared Beliefs
Individual
:
Intuition
Personal Experience (beliefs)
Other organized approaches
:
Rationalism
Empirism/Observation
Common-sense
Belief based
Ex. Popular pychology
Research
Applied
research
Goal
:
Solve
a
Practical Problem
Ex.:
how to improve ppl's life w/ meditation
Basic
research
Knowledge for knowledge sake
focus on
Conditions
that
support/weaken
empirical/theoretical
assumptions
4
general
Goals
Understand and Explain
behavior
Determine the Causes
of behavior
Predict
behavior
Describe
behavior
Goals
of this course
Introduction to:
Empirical Research
Evaluation
(Interpretation of results)
Data Analysis
Observing
(collecting data)
Designing
test of hypotheses
Operationalization
#
Definition
Kid
you have an
Abstract concept
you can
Not Measure
, so you
look at those things
you
Can Measure
that you think are
Caused
by that concept
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Personal
there's an
Abstract Psych. Construct
you can
Not Directly measure
, so you
look at those things
you
Can Directly Measure
that you think are a
Manifestation
of that Abstract Construct
Indirectly Measuring
an
Abstract concept
by
its
supposed Directly Observable Manifestations
Formal
Defining an Abstract concept
by
Directly Measuring
the supposed
Manifestations
of that concept
Defining a Latent Variable
by the
Manifest Variables
that are supposedly caused by it
Defining a Latent Variable
by the
Operations
undertaken to
Measure it
Making
Hypotheses
Variable
Concept
Measurements levels
:
Scales
NOI
:
Null Point
Order
Interval
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must
Vary
2 main variants:
Qualitative
variables
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Quantitative
variables
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Introduction to
Normal Methods
used to answer
Psychological Questions
Quantitative
methods