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Macedonia becomes an empire (Motivated by glory revenge, and a need to…
Macedonia becomes an empire
King Phillip II united Macedonia
Sets sights on Greece
Phillip admirer of Greek culture
Greece refuses Phillip's leadership
Greek city-states weakened by war
Phillip easily conquers most of Greece
Plans to invade Asia, defeat Persia
Revenge for earlier Greek-Persian War
Sought power
Phillip assassinated
Dream to conquer Persia unrealized
Has a son, Alexander
Alexander comes to power
Raised to be a leader
Tutelage under Aristole
Military training
Shared father's goal to destroy Persia
Wanted glory, power, refuge and prove himself to others
Took 30000 soldiers to Asia
Stubborn
180000 vs 30000 soldiers at Asia
Walked/marched-crossed Hellespont
Claimed land of Asia Minor
Motivated by glory revenge, and a need to prove himself to others, Alexander begins invasion against Persian Empire and win decisive victories
Outnumbered, Alexander wins decisive victories in major battles at Granicus and Issus
Strategy
Led men into battle (hands-on leader)
Motivated soldiers
Alexander frees Ionian cities from Persian rule
Most accepted him
Some Greeks harbored resentment
Wants to unite Gordian knot to claim rule of all Asia, according to legend
Unsuccessful;hacks knot w/ sword
Phoenician coast
Tyre (Island) will accept Alexander's rule but won't allow his troops into city
Alexander destroyed Tyre by building a causeway and using siege machines
Egypt
Welcomed, hailed, "confirmed" by oracle as "god king" (Ammon Zeus)
Establishes Alexandria
Greek ideas
Modeled on Athens
Brought in scholars
City thrived thereafter
Mesopotamia
Final victory at Gaugamela
Ends Persian Empire
Goes to Babylon
The East
Continuous marching, conquering, spreading ideas
Adapts culture
Marries
Proskynesis
Continues all the the way to India
Soldiers become mutinous
Argues to turn west (go back)
Attempts to cross desert, where many die
Alexander's legacy
Returns to Babylon, plans more conquests
Falls ill and dies
exhaustion, wounds, alcohol, poisoning (possible causes)
Had created world's largest empire
Empire falls apart after his death
Generals had divided, unable to maintain
Created new cities
Regarded as one of the greatest military strategists
Never lost a battle
Conquered much of the civilized
Posed confidence, charisma, bravery, and intelligence
Spread ideas (Hellenism)
Hellenism
The transmission of Greek ideas throughout the world
Arts
Theatre
Classical Greek sculpture
Literature (library at Alexandria)
Science/Math
Idea of Sun center, spherical Earth
Euclidian geometry
Archimeder's screw and specific gravity
Philosophy
Socrates Plato: stocism (leads to natural law)
Greeks cities created
Architecture
Advanced technology