Geography revision
Thomas Malthus
population density
Key definitions
World population change
Boserap argued Malthus was wrong and you could make the carrying capacity higher by investing in mechanization, technology and high yielding crops to support 5* more people
Malthus argues that the population will continue to grow until it reaches the maximum capacity the war/famine/disease will decrease the population
He says the earth's supplies will determine how many humans it can support and because many people lack water there may be wars fought over water (as an example the aral sea has dried up because of overuse)
This theory is about the carrying capacity on a graph the population would increase over time until it reaches carrying capacity and then it would go back down due to war/famine/disease
Malthus states that population power is greater than the power of the earth to produce supplies
The population increases further due to longer lives and vaccinations
The birth rate decreases due to contraception and more women in employment
The world population increased from the start of the twentieth century due to developments in healthcare such as penicillin which fights infection
Physical factors=mountainous, cold, bad weather patterns, flooding, poor soil, landlocked(Congo)
Economic factors=wealthy government, low interest, low inflation/unemployment (Dubai)
social factors=low employment, bad healthcare, war, high crime rate, dictatorship, lack of vaccinations/welfare/doctors (Rwanda, Somalia and North Korea)
social factors=good local area, employment, peace, low crime rate, democracy, no corruption, health care, pensions, unemployment benefits (Britain)
economic factors=poor area/government, corruption, few jobs, no industry, inflation, no support (russia, siberiaand mali)
physical factors=near a river, flat land, warm, adequate for crops (India)
life expectancy=the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality rates
total fertility rate=The average number of children a woman would have providing the birth rate would stay the same
Infant mortality rate=Number of deaths of infants under the age of one per 1000 live births
Population distribution=the pattern of where people live. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people.
Net migration rate=Difference between those who come into a country and those who go out per 1000
birth control=a term used to describe the various ways in which couples can chose not to have babies=condoms/pills
death rate=annual number of deaths per 1000 people in a country
emigration=describes movement of people out of a region
Birth rate=annual number of births per 1,000 people in a country
natural increase=the difference between births and deaths in a year it is negative if the population is decreasing
immigration=describes the movement of people into a country
interpreting population pyramids
dependency ratio=ratio of people typically not in the labour force to those typically in the labour force(done on age)works out the pressure on the productive population
Developed countries have a stable birth/death rate so have a little natural increase
Some countries have fewer elderly men as they are still baring the marks of ww2
fall in birth rates can be due to women having more opportunities so less time to start a family/contraception