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Immunity - Memory differentiates this from Inflammation (Cells Involved…
Immunity - Memory differentiates this from Inflammation
Immunopathology
Disease caused by a malfunctioning
of the immune system
Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction
Type I
Occurs after the initial exposure of a previously encounters antigen
Mast cells are stimulated which produced histamine resulting in edema
ex: bee sting
Type II
(Cytotoxic type hypersensitivity) an antibody combines with an antigen and destroys the tissue housing the antigen
Type III
Immune Complex
Autoimmune disease
Stimulates acute inflammatory response => tissue destruction due to lysosomal enzymes released during phagocytosis
Type IV
Cell-mediated; delayed reaction. Responsible for rejection of tissue and organ grafts/ transplants
Hypersensitivity to Drugs
Types of allergic reactions
Anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema
Hemolytic anemia
Serum sickness
T-cell mediated response to
topical medications or substances
Autoimmune Diseases
The body fighting itself Ex. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Immunodeficiency
Deficiency in the number and function or inter-relationships of WBC's and their products
Major Divisions
Humoral immunity/Antibody mediated immunity
B cells are primary
Stem cells develop into B cells which develop plasma cells or antibodies
Cell-mediated immunity
T cells are primary
Regulates both cell mediated and humoral response
Stem cells develop into T cells
Types of Immunity
Passive
Antibodies from an outside source. Body didn’t create.
ex: mother to fetus
Active
Occurs naturally through exposure to an antigen
Can occur through immunization
Acquired Immunity
MEMORY
cells
*B-Memory & T-Memory Lymphocytes
Responds quicker and stronger
to previously encountered
foreign substances
Cells Involved
B-Cells
: originates in bone marrow, (stem cells) matured in lymphoid tissue, antigen stimulates and travels to injury site.
Plasma cell
: produce immunoglobulins,(antibodies)(IgA, IgD,IgE,IgG,IgM) , specific immunoglobulins combinations in response to specific antigens= immune complex (lock and key)
B- memory cell
: clonal selection and proliferates in presence of antigen, stays in circulation for a long time
Macrophages
: responsible for phagocytosis , no memeory, link between inflammation and immune response , antigen presenting
Dendritic cells
: leukocyte, Antigen presenting cell, functions like a macrophage,
Langerhans: specialized dendritic cell.
T-cells (control everything)
originate in stem cells, travel to thymus to mature.
special receptors (TCR)
T- helper cells
increase function of B - cell
T- memory cells
Recognize previously encountered antigens
T- suppressor cells
Suppresses function of B - cells
T- Killer cells
(cytotoxic)
active against foreign cells. most active against cancer + viruses
Duplicate by clonal selection
Cytokines
Proteins that affect behavior of other cells
intracellular communication
lymphokines
produced by B - cells and T- cells
monokines
produced by monocytes or macrophages
involved in systemic effects of inflammation
NK Cells
develop from bone marrow stem cells
destroy foreign cells
Antigens: foreign substances that trigger immune responses
Examples: bacteria, fungi, foreign objects
Autoimmunie disease: parts of an individual's own body becomes antigens