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Cell specialisation/ differentistion (Nerve Cells (Nerve cells (or…
Cell specialisation/ differentistion
Animal Cell Differentiation (mainly embryos)
Cell differentiation is the process where a cell develops new sub-cellular structures (structures inside a cell) to let it perform a specific function. When this happens, the cell becomes specialised.
It happens during an organisms development
Organisms start as one cell these cells divide to form embryos that differentiate (specialise) to produce cells that can preform all body functions
Adult Animals
Cell differentiation is more rare in adult animals
Their cells mostly divide to replace and repair tissue
Plant cell differentiation
Plants keep their ability to differentiate through out their life time
Because of this plants are always able to create new tissues
Sperm cells
They specialise to to enable them to fertilise an egg
Tail movement in a corkscrew to propel themselves towards the egg and break through it
Fuses with the egg to produce a genome by sharing it genetic information
Nerve Cells
Nerve cells (or neurones) are specialised to transmit electrical messages around the body.
Axon part of the cell that electrical signals can travel they are very long to increase the distance that the signals can travel
Mylein Sheath made of a material called mylein it surrounds the axon of the nerve cell stopping electrical currents leaking out increasing speed of transitions
Dendrites branches of a nerve cell several dendtries spread outwards from the body to transfer electrical messages from other neurons
Electrical messages travel between neurons synapses
Muscle Cells
Muscle cells are specialised (perform a specific function). They can produce force and motion.
Protein fibres within the cell contract allowing the muscle to move
Mitochondria to produce lots of energy for movement
Plant cells
xylem and phyloem cells are used by the plant to transport minerals, sugar, water to other parts of the plant
Xylem vessels are made up of dead xylem cells. The end of the dead xylem walls are broken to allow water to move through a substance called lignin strengthens the wall
Pheolem vessels are made up of collums of living cells the end of the pheolem wall contains small hole to allow food and products to move up and down the vessel
