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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS (3.Software and operating systems (Process…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
1.Computer lenguage and function
Lenguage
Binary system
Computers only use the numbers 0 and 1
Units of information
Smallest unit of information: BIT (b)
8 bits together form a BYTE (B)
Kibibyte, Mebibyte, Gigibyte, Tebibyte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Terabyte.
ASCII
A code to each of the letters and to the letters, ASCII (American standart code of information interchange) uses 7 bites to store up 128 different characters.
Computer funtions
Hardware
Physical components of the computer system that we use to touch it and move it.
Software
The data and instructions to manage that data.
Functions
Input and output of data using peripheral devices
Storing data in the storage devices
Procesing data in CPU using the microprocessor and memory
2.Computer elements
Microprocessor
Integrated unit made up of millons of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
It's power depends on its cache memory and the speed at which it comunicates with the RAM.
Memory and units of storage
RAM
Main memory of computers, Random Access Memory
Cache memory
RAM + Microprocessor
ROM BIOS
Basic input/output system
Storage devices
Data storage units are use to save permanently the RAM
Motherboard and connecting devices
Components: slots (CPI), IDE and SATA, chipset
Connecting external devices
Using external ports on the side or back of the computer
By special conctors on the motherboard for hard disk disk, DVD drives and so on
Use an expansion slot on the motherboard to connect souds cards or graphics cards
3.Software and operating systems
Operating system
Provides a working environment that makes it
easy to acces all the varous aplications and is used to manage the files and folders, and to find information
First thing you see when you turn on the computer, and the last thing you see when you turn it off
Cpmputers can have different types of software but they need an operating system
Types of software
Operating system: Manages the system
resources
Applications
Spreadsheets
Presentations
Database management tools
Drawing programs
Word processors
Antivirus software, file compressors, web browsers and webmail software
Programming language: Used to create other programs and applications, to develop new operating systems
Process to open an application
When we save a document, the system looks for free space on the hard disk and tranfers it from the memory to that space
To print the world processor send the command to the operating system, which send the signals to the printer
The program is now the active application, it recives data and sends information through the operating systems
when we close the world processor, the operating system delates the application from the memory but not from the hard disk
Operating system find the application in the hard disk, seds a copy to the RAM and loads it onto the screen
Functions
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface or working enviroment
Manages the microprocessor
Allows communication beetween applications and peripheral devices
4.Windows operating system
Saving power
Important to select the right power options for laptops
System updastes
Inicio-Programas-Windows update
By activatind the automatic update tools
We can install programs using an installator wizard that guides us through the process
Hard disk meinatance
Defragmenting the hard disk
Detecting and repairing errors
Cleaning the hard disk
5.Linux operating system
Linux uses two pacage managers to help users automatically install applications downloaded from the internet, then it download the files required and install the new software. Finally wwe can keep our system up to date
6.Computer networks
Shared internet acces
Using internet connection sharing (all the communication is trough a computer)
Using a routing wich detects data and directs it to and from the internet
Wireless networks
(WLANs) use electromagnetic waves to transmit data, networks with a combination of wireless and wired devices ise wireless acces points to transmit data
Elements
Adaptor or network card to send and recieve information with other computers
The hub distributes all the information, it can be replaced by a switch
The information travels trough a information medium
Logical component and Phisical component
A set of computers connected to each other, so they can exchange information and share resources
Metropolitan area Networks
Wide area Networks
Local area Networks
SHARING RESOURCES
In windows
Sharing a printer
Sharing files anf folders
In Linux
Sharing a printer
Sharing folders
Sharing a computer
