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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS (Computer networks (Elements in a network…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
Computer language and function
Computer functions
Hardware
It's refer to the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move.
Software
Input
of data using
peripheral devices
Output
of data using
peripheral devices
Storing
data in the
storage devices
Processing
data in the central processing unit
(CPU)
, using the
microprocessor
and the
memory
.
Linux operating system
Installing ans uninstalling programs
Got to the Aplicaciones menu and select Añadir y quitar. The Añadir y quitar aplicaciones window will appear
Select the program you want
*Click on Aplicar cambios to apply the changes
Confim the installation by clicking on Aplicar
Go back to Aplicaciones > Añadir y quitar
In Añadir y quitar aplicaciones, select the program and click on Aplicar cambio
The operating system will uninstall the application
Software and operating systems
Applications
Presentations
Database management tools
Spreadsheets
Drawing programs
Antivirus, file compressors...
Word processors
Programming languages
These programs can be used to create other programs and applications
Operating system
Manages the system resources, making them avaliable for use by the user and the applications
The operating system
The operating system finds the application on the hard disk, sends a copy of it to the RAM and loads it onto the screen
The program is now the active application. It recives data from the keyboard and sends instructions to the microprocessor trough the operating system
When we save the document, the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and transfers the data from the memory to that space
To print, click on
Imprimir
, and the wird processor will send the command to the operating system, which sends the appropiate signals to the printer
When we close the word proccesor, the operating system deletes the application from the memory, though not from the hard disk
Functions of the operating system
Manages the microprocessor
Manages the memory and stirage systems
Provides an interface or working environment
Allows communication between applications and peripheral devices
Computer elements
Memory and units of storage
RAM
When we run an application, its inctructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them
Cache memory
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the
cache memory
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automatically cheks the system. This initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special readonly memory: the
ROM BIOS
Storage devices
Magnetic discs
Solid-state memory
Opical discs
Motherboard and connecting devices
The
IDE (integrated device electronics)
or
ATA ( advanced technology attachment)
and
SATA (serial ATA) connectors
connect the hard disk, CD drive and DVD drive to the motherboard
Various input/output ports
Slots
that can be used to expnad or add new components
The
chipset
is a number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions; they control the flow of bits to and form the motherboard
Connnecting external devices
By special connectors on the motherboard as the
hard disk
Using external ports on the side or back of the computer, such as the USB port
We also need to install a
driver
that allowa the device to communicate with the operating system
Linux
Gestor de dispositivos
Informe sobre nuevos dispositivos (Hermes)
Windows
Asistente para agregar hardware
Administrador de dispositivos
Using an expansion slot on the motherboard, to connect a
sound card
or a
graphic card
Microprocessor
Is an integrated circuit made up of million of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data recibed from memory
Clock rate
Sets the pace at which processes are completed. It generates electrical impulses
A microprocessor's power also depends on its
cache memory
and the speed at wich it communicates with the
RAM
Today's microprocessor receives an impulse, it carries out an operation. A 4GHz microprocessor recives 4.000.000.000 impulses every second
Sharing resources in Windows
Sharing a folder
Right click on the folder that you want to share and select Compartir y seguridad.
Select Compartir esta carpeta en la red
Sharing a printer
To open the printers and faxes folder,
go to Inicio > Impresoras y faxes
Right click on the printer that you want
to share and select Compartir
Select Compartir esta impresora
Computer networks
Elements in a network
Each computer needs an
adaptor
or
network card
to send information to the other computers and recieve information back
The
hub
distributes all of the information it recieves between the other computers in the network
This information travels down a
trabsnition medium,
normally a cable similar to a telephone wire with an RJ45 connector on the end
Local area networks or
LANs
Metropolitan area network
Wide area networks in countries or continents
Shared Internet acces
Using
Internet Connection Sharing
, where all communication is throudh one computer that must be switched on all the time
Using a
router
, which defects data and directs it to and from the Internet
Wireless networks
Known as
WLANs
, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data
Windows operating system
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaning the hard disk
Defragmenting the hard disk
Detecting and repairing errors
Installing and unistalling programs
We can install programs using an installation wizard
Saving power
It's especially omportant to select the right power options for laptops. To do this click on
Panel de control
->
Opciones de energía
System updates
Through
Inicio -> Programas -> Windows update
By activating the automatic updates toolm
Actualizaciones automáticas, vía Inicio -> Panel de control -> Rendimiento y mantenimiento -> Sistema
Sharing resources in Linux
Sharing a computer
To create your
user account
, go to Sistema > Administración> Usuarios y grupos
To create a nwe user, click on Añadir usuario. Enter the user data. If you click on the Privilegios de usuario tab, you can select the new user's priviligies
Sharing a printer
Go to Sistema > Adiminastración > Impresoras to open the printer configuration tool. Configuración de la impresora. Here you can install and manage printers
Sharing a printer
To access a shared folder saved on another computer in the local network, go to Lugares > Red.
To share a folder on your own computer with other computers, right-click on that folder and select Opciones de compartición. You'll need to specify how that folder will be shared:
Nombre compartido: The name of the folder that is going to be shared
Cometario: A description of the shared folder
Click on Crear compartición, then select Añadir los permisos automátiicamente in the final window