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Physical Examination and Gestational Age Assessment (Skin ((skin covered…

- - - - autonomous reg of vasc
      - from pubis to forehead; also lower half darker; only in neonates; more common in LBW; lasts only a few seconds and returns when neonate moved;
      - not acco. by different breathing or muscle tone
  - - - may be noted in many healthy term infants in first days after birth
      - lower limbs?: 1. L to R shunt; incr peripheral vasc R 3. preductal coarctation
    - - 1. severe heart disease 2. severe lung disease 3. rarely metHb
- - - - A white reflex:
        
        cataracts, intraocular diseases
  - - - may be a sign of accompanying renal dysfunctions
  - - - u. accompanied by congenital syndromes
    - - may be a result of seventh nerve palsy (trauma during birth), IU pressures,
- - - - achondroplasia, hydrocephalus, hypothyroidism, IUGR, prematurity, rickets, and other disorders
- - - - u. not accompanied by congenital abnormalities
      - perineal hypospadias: must be further examined
    - - normally often too tight to retract in neonatal period (phimosis): normal till 3 yrs
      - Paraphimosis: urologic emergency (retracted foreskin cannot be returned to its normal anatomic position)
    - - should be examined