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Effects of Bullying in Middle Childhood (Overall Health risks for Child…
Effects of Bullying in Middle Childhood
Effects on Physical Development
physical bullying can have effects on development
lowered immune system functioning
susceptibility to illness
digestive problems
infections
overly activated stress response & release of cortisol can have harmful effects on the body
can be a contributing factor to higher risk of disease/disorders later in life later in life
depression
addiction
anxiety
clogged arteries
heart disease
high blood pressure
aches & pains
headaches
changes in weight
possible development of eating disorders
broken bones/damaged body parts if subjected to physical abuse
Effects on Social/Emotional Development
inability to calm themselves
lack of coping skills to deal with trauma
poor psychological health later in life
lack of emotional regulation
anger/emotional outburts
inability to determine appropriate emotions in a given context
total suppression of emotions
lack of ability to communicate emotions
low self-esteem
feeling of insufficiency/fear causes a reduction in socialization and move towards more antisocial behaviours
social isolation
depression & other mental health concerns
feelings of unworthiness/lack of purpose in the world
concerns for self-harm & suicidal ideation
difficulty creating and sustaining relationships
Effects on Cognitive Development
Poor cognitive functioning later in life
May be detrimental to ongoing cognitive developments
memory problems as they try to repress pain
poor coping skills
Lack of attention
lack of problem solving skills
lack of the essential tool to successfully socialize with peers
may be more submissive and isolated
may affect their participation and learning abilities in school
more antisocial mindset
Overall Health risks for Child
Depression
Anxiety
Suicidal ideation
self-harm behaviours
isolation
social neglect
increased likelihood of substance abuse
disturbed sleep
children who are victims of bullying/the bullies themselves are at an extremely high risk of developing physical, social, emotional and cognitive problems later on in life - the trauma often remains, and can be detrimental in adult years