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Chemical Molecules (Lipids (Fat deposited in body as long-term energy…
Chemical Molecules
Lipids
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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Made up of:
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Molecule of glycerol joined to three fatty acids
–> Many different fatty acids form the variable part of the molecule
Cholesterol
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Essential, but too much causes heart disease
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Proteins
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Many compounds made from proteins, eg:
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meat, fish, cheese and eggs are particularly rich in protein — animal products
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Vitamins
A
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Makes a chemical in the retina, protects surface of the eye
Deficiency: night blindness, damaged cornea
Fish liver oils, liver, butter, margarine, carrots
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B2
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Deficiency: poor growth, dry skin
Green vegetables, eggs, fish
B3
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Deficiency: pellagra (dry red skin, poor growth, digestive disorders)
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D
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Deficiency: rickets, poor teeth
Fish liver oils, made in skin in sunlight
A balanced diet
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A diet that provides enough of these substances and in the correct proportions is KA a balanced diet
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Minerals
Other elements asides from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
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Types:
Calcium
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Dairy, fish, bread, vegetables
Phosphorus
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Making teeth and bones, part of many chemicals eg. DNA, ATP
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Sodium, Chlorine
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in body fluids, eg. blood
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Magnesium
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Making bones, found inside cells
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Iron
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Red meat, liver, eggs, some vegetables eg. spinach