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Research Organizer (Perceiving Pain (How is our perceived pain…

- - - - Nociceptive Pain - Normal response to noxious stimuli caused by injury, pressure or inflammation
        
        Somatic - Originates in arms, legs, face, muscles, tendons, superficial areas
        
        Musculoskeletal Pain - injury to the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or nerves
        
        Visceral - Originates from internal organs
        
        Vascular Pain - develops when there is interruption in blood flow to a tissue, organ or nerves
        
        Referred Pain - pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source
        
        Nocipathic Pain - Abnormal Nociception
      - Neuropathic Pain - Lesion in somatosensory nervous system
        
        Central - Lesion in spinal cord or brain
        
        Inflammatory Pain - Decrease in threshold to nociceptor activation, hypersensitization of surrounding area
        
        Tissue Inflammation
        
        Hypersensitivity
        
        Phantom Pain - Pain from limb which no longer exists
        
        Peripheral - Weakness/ numbness and pain from nerve damage, usually in hands and feet
        
        Post herpatic neuralgia - most common complication of shingles. The condition affects nerve fibers and skin, causing burning pain that lasts long after the rash and blisters of shingles disappear.
        
        Trigeminal neuralgia - A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face, causes extreme pain and hypersensitivity
        
        Casualgia - severe burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve
        
        Dysfunctional Pain - pain that persists due to errors in our pain processing abilities
        
        Neuropathy - disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves, typically causing numbness or weakness
        
        Mononeuropathy - Damage to one nerve
        
        Mono-neuropathy Multiplex - Damage to multiple nerves
        
        Polyneuropathy - a general degeneration of peripheral nerves that spreads toward the center of the body
        
        Neuritis - inflammation of a peripheral nerve or nerves, usually causing pain and loss of function
        
        Sensitivity Conditions
        
        Analgesia - Absence of pain in response to stimulation which would normally be painful
        
        Hypoesthesia -Decreased sensitivity to stumulation, excluding the special senses
        
        Hypoalgesia - Diminishd pain in response to a normally painful stimulus
        
        Hyperpathia - normally painful reaction to a stimulus, especially a repetitive stimulus, as well as an increased threshold
        
        Hyperaesthesia - Increased sensitivity and decreased response to stimulation, excluding the special senses
        
        Hyperalgesia - Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain
        
        Mechanical Allodynia - Caused by innocuous stimuli (light tough), no protective role
- - - - Accupuncture
      - Accupressure
      - Dry Needling
    - - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
        
        Psycho-social intervention that aims to improve mental health. CBT focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems
      - Elicit Relaxation Response - progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, laughter
        
        Physical state of deep relaxation which engages the other part of our nervous system—the parasympathetic nervous system
      - Mindfullness
        
        Psychological process of bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment, which one can develop through the practice of meditation and through other training
      - Hypnosis
        
        State of human consciousness involving focused attention, reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion
      - Guided Imagery
        
        Mind-body intervention by which a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate mental images that simulate or re-create the sensory perception
      - Yoga
        
        Improves physical postures, emphasis on acceptance, training attention, meditation, relaxation
      - Biofeedback
        
        Process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will
- - - - Yes, as stated before, psychological factors (such as fear) are influential when it comes to pain perception. In the same manner, these same factors can determine the success of our recovery. With a mindset that you will never get better or a certain treatment will not work or the lack of desire to buy into a certain treatment, your overall recovery can be affected. Additionally, when people have anxiety or depression, areas in brain that respond to pain light up and some even stop communicating with each other. A mind-body connection is essential for perception and management.
  - - - Excerpt from previous response - psychological factors definitely have an affect on how we interpret and respond to our pain. Anxiety and depression can have a large effect on the emotional and cognitive dimensions of pain perception and our symptoms vary depending on our mood, pleasure, excitement, mental distraction, worry, or fatigue. Additionally, the influence of a negative schema for pain from past symptoms greatly increases our negative outlook towards future symptoms. Therefore, our psychological state does augment the pain we perceive by clouding our interpretation. Here's a quote by Robert Coghill, PhD: "We don't experience pain in a vacuum," says Coghill. "Pain is not solely the result of signals coming from an injured body region, but instead emerges from the interaction between these signals and cognitive information unique to every individual."
    - - Dualism! Mind/Body!
        
        By mindsets I am assuming that I meant perceptions. In this case, I would say that in some instances what we perceive is different than what we experience. When one has experienced damage to the nociceptive fibers (such as the A Delta and C fibers), they experience what is called neuropathic pain. This classification of pain can come in many forms, including Analgesia, Hyperalgesia, and Hypoalgesia. People who experience Analgesia feel no pain when exposed to painful stimuli. Therefore, your body is physically affected by a noxious stimulus, but your brain does not perceive it. People who experience hyperalgesia feel decreased pain in response to noxious stimuli and hypoalgesia feel increased pain in response to noxious stimuli. Now, this does not relate to the influence of our psychological states, as this subtopic suggests. In that respect, I believe that we can maintain a positive outlook when faced with significant pain, but these ideas will never be entirely separate. Instead, one will end up with a mix of the two. Your psychological states can influence your pain, but not allow you completely ignore it.
  - - - Pain IS inevitable (unless you are part of the .1 percent of the global population that has a rare condition called analgesia), as it is a vital component contributing to human existence. Say you're running and you think, 'Man, this hurts, I can't take it anymore. The 'hurt' part is an unavoidable reality, but whether the pain cannot be tolerated anymore is up to the runner himself. Like many things in life, with certain pain, it is all in the attitude of the response.
    - - To a certain extent. The primary factor in the physical pain we experience is, of course, the physical component. However, this physical aspect is put into a melting pot with mental, emotional and spiritual aspects (that vary greatly between people and include many other factors) and together form an entirely unique way that each human as an individual experiences physical pain.
    - - Excerpt from previous response: It is important to differentiate between "good pain" and "bad pain" when understanding the idea that pain can seem like a mental weakness in SOME cases. In sports or any other form of physical activity, we often put our bodies through motions that utilize muscles we have not used or rarely use. Pain due to soreness or tightness is different than pain due to a pulled muscle, sprain or tear. In the case that one's pain is due to soreness, tightness or exhaustion, a negative response to the pain may be labeled as a "mental weakness." With most physical activities, one must go through some form of pain to reach an intended goal or to get stronger. Without a mindset that adversity is a part of the process, that goal may never be attained... therefore causing the lack of determination to be considered a mental weakness. However, if one's pain results from an injury, then reducing activity is necessary (an act which should not be considered a "mental weakness").