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4.1.1 Communicable Diseases (Bacteria (Tuberculosis (TB) (Mycobacterium…
4.1.1 Communicable Diseases
Bacteria
Tuberculosis (TB)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis
affects many parts of the body but most commonly lungs; kills cells and tissues
Transmission: droplet infection, when infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks etc
Bacterial Meningitis
Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumonia
infection of meninges - membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord; membranes become swollen and may cause damage to brain and nerves
Transmission: direct physical contact; indirect contact
Ring Rot (potatoes, tomatoes)
Clavibacter michiganesis,
subsp.
sependonicus
ring of decay in vascular tissue of potato tuber or tomato; leaf wilting
Transmission: direct contact; infected seed potato tubers
Prokaryotic cells; reproduce rapidly; damage cells in body; release toxins; toxins make you feel ill
Virus
HIV/AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus
attacks cells in immune system; compromises immune response
Transmission: body fluids; unprotected sex; mother to fetus
Influenza
from family Orthomyxoviridae
attacks respiratory system and causes muscle pains and headaches
Transmission: droplet infection, when infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks etc
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
tobacco mosaic virus
causes mottling a discolouration of leaves
Transmission: direct contact; if plant is artificially wounded; via seeds
Invade cells and take over genetic machinery and other organelles of cell; cell manufactures new copies of virus; host cell bursts to release more viruses to infect healthy cells; cells bursting make you feel ill
Fungus
Black Sigatoka (bananas)
Myscosphaerella fijiensis
causes lead spots on bananas reducing yield
Transmission: spores; airborne, soilborne, waterborne
Ringworm (cattle)
Trichophyton verrucosum
growth of fungus on skin; spore cases erupting through skin; cause a rash
Transmission: direct physical contact; spores, airborne or soilborne
Athlete's Foot
Trichophyton rubrum
growth under skin of feet in between toes
Transmission: direct physical contact
Fungus may live on skin of animal and hyphae will form a mycelium under the skin and grow and specialised reproductive hyphae grow to surface of skin to release spores; fungus lives in vascular tissue of plants to obtain nutrients and hyphae release cellulase to decay tissue
Protoctista
Malaria
Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae
parasite in blood causing headaches and fever; may progress to coma and death
Transmission: vector; female anopheles mosquito
Late Blight (potatoes, tomatoes)
Phytophthora infestans
affects leaves and potato tubers
Transmission: airborne
animal like; enter host cells and feed on contents of cell as they grow
Preventing Disease
hygiene; wash hands, clean surfaces, clean food, clean surgical equipment, condoms during sex
cover mouth when sneezing and dispose of tissues
isolation of the infected
vaccination
Sammer Sheikh