4.1.1 Communicable Diseases

Bacteria

Virus

Fungus

Protoctista

Tuberculosis (TB)

Bacterial Meningitis

Ring Rot (potatoes, tomatoes)

HIV/AIDS

Influenza

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Black Sigatoka (bananas)

Ringworm (cattle)

Athlete's Foot

Malaria

Late Blight (potatoes, tomatoes)

Prokaryotic cells; reproduce rapidly; damage cells in body; release toxins; toxins make you feel ill

Invade cells and take over genetic machinery and other organelles of cell; cell manufactures new copies of virus; host cell bursts to release more viruses to infect healthy cells; cells bursting make you feel ill

Fungus may live on skin of animal and hyphae will form a mycelium under the skin and grow and specialised reproductive hyphae grow to surface of skin to release spores; fungus lives in vascular tissue of plants to obtain nutrients and hyphae release cellulase to decay tissue

animal like; enter host cells and feed on contents of cell as they grow

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis

affects many parts of the body but most commonly lungs; kills cells and tissues

Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumonia

infection of meninges - membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord; membranes become swollen and may cause damage to brain and nerves

Clavibacter michiganesis, subsp. sependonicus

ring of decay in vascular tissue of potato tuber or tomato; leaf wilting

human immunodeficiency virus

attacks cells in immune system; compromises immune response

from family Orthomyxoviridae

attacks respiratory system and causes muscle pains and headaches

tobacco mosaic virus

causes mottling a discolouration of leaves

Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae

parasite in blood causing headaches and fever; may progress to coma and death

Phytophthora infestans

affects leaves and potato tubers

Trichophyton rubrum

growth under skin of feet in between toes

Myscosphaerella fijiensis

causes lead spots on bananas reducing yield

Trichophyton verrucosum

growth of fungus on skin; spore cases erupting through skin; cause a rash

Sammer Sheikh

Transmission: direct physical contact; indirect contact

Transmission: direct contact; infected seed potato tubers

Transmission: droplet infection, when infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks etc

Transmission: body fluids; unprotected sex; mother to fetus

Transmission: droplet infection, when infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks etc

Transmission: direct contact; if plant is artificially wounded; via seeds

Transmission: direct physical contact; spores, airborne or soilborne

Transmission: spores; airborne, soilborne, waterborne

Transmission: direct physical contact

Transmission: airborne

Transmission: vector; female anopheles mosquito

Preventing Disease

hygiene; wash hands, clean surfaces, clean food, clean surgical equipment, condoms during sex

cover mouth when sneezing and dispose of tissues

isolation of the infected

vaccination