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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (environmental and internal factors…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Energy Reducing Power
Reducing Power
Compounds
Reduction Reaction
contain hydrogen
electrons added to atom
reduces positive charge
reducing reactants
oxidation reaction
oxidizing agents
contain a great deal of oxygen
increases positive charge
reducing power
take in carbon dioxide and water
make fatty acids
Other electron carriers
cytochromes
Carry electrons
cannot be removed
plastoquinones
transport electrons
2 electrons
2 protons
hydrophobic
dissolve easily
plastocyanin
can move short distances
carry electrons
copper ion
2+ oxidation state
picks up electrons
1+ oxidation state
Energy Carriers
Photosynthesis
light energy
chemical energy
Animals, fungi, nonchlorophyllic
Sub level phosphorylation
ADP
Oxidation Phosphorylation
ATP
plants
phosphorylation ADP
ATP
photosynthesis
uses light energy
stroma reactions
conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate
C3 cycle
acceptor molecule (RuBP)
5 carbons
add carbon
breaks
orbital rearrange
2 molecules of 3 phosphoglycerate
aka PGA
light-dependent reactions
Photosystem II
gets electrons from water
energy boosted by light
electron transport chain
P680
plastocyanin
donates electrons to chlorophyll a
receives electron from cytochrome b 6/f complex
The nature of pigments
photosynthetic pigments
transfer
all light absorbed
electrons
chemical reactions
photochemical process
absorption spectrum
wavelengths
strongly absorbed by a pigment
action spectrum
wavelengths
powering photochemical process
pigments
do not absorb light
attract mates or for self defense
flowers
skins of animals
fruits
accessory pigments
absorb wavelengths
absorbed energy
passed to chlorophyll a
thylakoid membrane
light
antenna complex
energy
reaction center
melanin
our skin
absorb light
photosystems I
reaction center
P700
excites electron
absorbed by Fx
feredoxin
feredoxin NADP+ reductase
the nature of light
light
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
radiation
quantum (photons)
wavelengths
invisible
long wavelengths
little amount of energy
radar
microwaves
radio waves
infrared
short wavelengths
large amount of energy
ultra violet light
gamma rays
cosmic rays
anabolic metabolism
long term storage
too large to be transported
lasts for years
intermediate term storage
glucose and diasaccharide sucrose
move from cell to cell
stable for weeks/ months
3 phosphoglyceraddehydyde
builds up larger more complex molecules
anabolism
consists of anabolic reactions
short term storage
ATP and NADPH
used within cell
lasts briefly
the synthesis of polysaccharides
gluconeogenesis
anabolic synthesis of glucose
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
starch
animals
never synthesize starch
store glucose as glycogen instead
plants
store starch in chloroplast and amyloplasts
environmental and internal factors
leaf structure
excellent for absorbing carbon dioxide
Palisade Parenchyma
above
Spongy Mesophyll
below
water
stroma open
entry of carbon dioxide
stroma closed
retaining water within the plant
structural modifications
C4 metabolism
crassulacean acid metabolism
light
Quantity of light
refers to light intensity or brightness
plants growing in mountains or deep canyons
less light
plants near equators is directly overhead at noon
more light
plants at the poles
less light
Light compensation point
no photosynthesis
photosynthesis matches respiration
Quality of sunlight
Refers to colors of wavelengths
sunset and sunrise
blue light deflected upwards
enriched with red
easily to see
Duration of sunlight
sunlight available per hr
further N or S
days become longer in summer
C4 metabolism
photorespiration
energy wasting process
reduced carbon of phosphoglycolate are completely lost
mesophyll cells
PEP concentration
crassulacean acid metabolism
CAM
2nd metabolic adaptation
improves conservation of water
